358 LXXV. COMPOSITE. Catananche. 



K. ViRGiNiCA. Willd. (Hyoseris. Mz. Cynthia. Beck.) Dwarf Dandeli-on. 



Scape 1-flowered; lis. lanceolate, lyrate, smooth ; invol. smooth. — (J) This 

 little plant is Ibund on sandy hills and by roadsides, Can. to La. Scapes 1 — 

 several, smooth, slender, 1 — 8' high. After flowering it becomes longer than 

 the leaves. The primary leaves are roundish, entire ; the rest irregularly lyrate. 

 Scales of the involucre 10 — 15, linear-lanceolate, arranged in a somewhat sim- 

 ple series. Coroliasyellow. Ach. turbinate, scabrous, reddish-brown. May — Jl. 

 73. CYNTHIA. Don. 



One of the ii;unes of Diana; its application to this genus is not obvious. 



Involucre nearly simple, of equal, narrow scales ; receptacle flat, 

 alveolate ; pappus double, the outer minute, scaly ; inner copious, 

 capillary ; achenia short. — % Lvs. alternate or all radical. Hds. with 

 15 — 20 yclloio flowers. 



C. ViRGixicA. Don. (Tragopogon. Linn. Krigia amplexicaulis, Nutt.') 

 SI. mostly simple, scape-like; m^/crtZ/r5. sublyrate or pinnatifid, on short, 

 winged petioles ; caullne ones lanceolate, amplexicaul, entire. — In barrens and 

 dry soils. Western N. Y. to 111. ! &c. The plant is smooth and glaucous. Stem 

 1— 2f high, often dichotomously divided, Avith 1 — 2 clasping leaves at the forks. 

 Radical leaves 3 — 5' long, sometimes nearly entire. Heads terminal on the 

 bracteate and subumbellate peduncles, with deep yellow flowers. Scales united 

 at base in a somewhat double series. May — July. 



74. LEONTODON. 



Gr. Xecoi', a lion, ol}OVi^ a tooth; in reference to the deeply toothed leaves. 



Involucre imbricate, the outer scales very short ; receptacle na- 

 ked ; pappus plumose, persistent on the somewhat rostrate achenia. — 

 Acaulesceid herbs, icilh white fis. many in a head. 



L. ALTUMNALis. (Apargia. Willd.) Autumnal Hau-kvxed. 

 Scape branching ; pcd. scaly ; /r.s\ lanceolate, dentate-pinnatifid, smoothish. 

 — A European plant, naturalized and common in the eastern parts of N. Eng- 

 land, growing in grass-lands and by roadsides. The flower resembles those of 

 the dandelion (Taraxacum). Root large, abrupt. Scape round, striate, hol- 

 low, decumbent at base, 6—18' high, with a few- branches and scattered scales. 

 Leaves all radical, spreading, 6' long, with deep, round sinuses, and covered 

 with remote hairs. Heads V diam. yellow, appearing from July to Nov. ^ 



75. TRAGOPOGON. 



Gr. rpayos, a goat, Tzioycov, beard; in allusion to the tawny, showy pappus. 



Involucre simple, of many leaves ; receptacle naked : pappus plu- 

 mose ; achenia longitudinally striate, contracted into a long, filiform 

 beak. — © European herbs, icith long., linear., grass-like lvs. 



T. PORRiFOLius. Sahify. Vegetable Oj/stcr. — Jnvpl. much longer than the corol- 

 la ; lvs. long, linear, undivided, straight ; pcd. thickened upwards. Stem 3 — 'If 

 high. Flowers terminal, solitary, large, bluish-purple. This exotic is cultivated 

 in gardens for the root, which is long, tapering and nutritious. "When properly 

 prepared it has a mild, sweetish taste, which has been compared to that of the 

 oyster. :}: 



76. CATANANCHE. 



Gr. Kara, avayKT], from necessity: it 7mtst necessarily be SiilmiTeil C). 



Involucre imbricated, scarious ; receptacle paleaceous ; pappus pale- 

 aceous, 5-leaved; pale£C awncd. — (D Orie?dal Iierbs, with alter?iate^ 

 lanceolate lvs. 



C. ccERULEA.— Lr.s. linear and lanceolate, villous, somewhat bipinnatifid at 

 base ; lower scales of the involucre ovate, mucronate. — From S. Europe. A hand- 

 some annual, 2— 3f high. Heads solitary, on long peduncles with blue, spread- 

 ing, ligulate corollas toothed at apex. Jl. — Sept. f 



