430 



XCIV. BORRAGINACEiE. 



ECHIUM. 



Sta. 5, inserted into the corolla and alternate with its lobes. 

 Ova. deeply 4-lobed. the style arising trom the base of the lobes, 

 ly.— Nuts or achenia 4, distinct, 1-seeded. See^ds without albumen. 

 Embryo with a superior radicle. Cotyledo-ns plano-convex. 



Genera .53, species 600 ? very abundant in the south of Europe and middle of Asia, becoming rare as we 

 approach the arctic circle. All our native species are herbaceous. 



Properties.— MncWdigmows and emollient plants, never poisonous. 



FIG. 52.— 1. Borrago officinalis. 2. A petal with its appendage at base, and anthers ])roduced at apex. 

 3. Calyx with the 4 achenia and style. 4. Vertical section of one of the achenia, showing the seed, em- 

 bryo and albumen. 5. Plan of the flower. 6. Lithospermum (Batschia) canescens. 7. Corolla laid open, 

 showing the stamens inserted on the tube. 



Conspectus of the Genera. 



irregular „• • u, • • • ^(^^'^^- ^ 



rCorolla rotate, blue. . . Borrago. 2 



I Corolla campanulate. . . Symphytum. 3 



'excavated i Cor. funnel or \ tube straight. Anchusa. 4 



at base. Lsalver-form, ( tube twice bent. Lycop^s. S 



4 Lvs. rough. Onosmodium. 6 



.... g 



10 



Cor. closed \ yellow, large. . . Penta'lophus. 



rOvary I unarmed, L at base. L at throat, Ovhite. small. . . Myasotis. 11 



I deeply 1 ^ Corolla salver-form. . Echinospermum. 12 



1 4-parted. I Achenia echinate, cohering. ^ Corolla funnel-form. . Cynoglossvm. 13 



I regular. I0var>' entire (partible in fruit) bearing the style at the top. . Heliotropium. 14 



'Ach.free, 

 unarmed, Latbase. L 



( dilated. ( Lvs. smooth. Mertensia. 

 rCor. throat-^ nar- Uobes erect. . Pulmonaria. 

 not ex- ! open and ( row. I lobes s-pieaLding. Litho-spei-yutim. 



Corolla 



Tribe 1 . BORR AGE JE. — Ovary consisting of two bipartible (rarely 2-celled) 



carpels. Style arising from the base between the segments of the ovary. 



•Fruit deeply 4-(rarely 2-)parted. Seeds without albumen. 

 1. ECHIUM. Buek. 



Gr. £%<S, a viper; from the spotted stem of some species. 



Calyx 5-parted. segments subulate, erect ; corolla campanulate, ob- 

 liquely and unequally lobed, with a short tube and naked orifice ; 

 stigma cleft ; achenia tuberculate, imperforate. — Herbs or shrubs. 

 Fls. irregular., in spicate, panicled racemes. Cor. cyanic. 



E. vuLOARF. Viper^s Bufiinss. 



St. herliaceous. rough with bristles and tubercles; caidine lvs. lanceolate, 

 and rough Avith bristles ; spikes lateral, hairy, deflected.—® A rough plant, with 

 large, handsome, violet-colored flowers, found in fields and waste grounds, N. 

 States. Stem 18 — 20' high, round, with entire, dull green leaves, which are 

 2 — 6' long, and ^ as wide, lower ones petiolate, upner ones amplexicaul. Flow- 

 ers in numerous, crowded, axillarv, recurved spikes, appearing in June and 

 July. ^ 



