Castanka. CXXIV. CUPULIFERiE. 495 



Bark blackish and deeply furrowed. Wood coarse-grained, reddish and porous. 

 Lobes of the leaves ol'len not at all falcate in the smaller trees but always 

 clothed with a thick tomentum beneath. Acorns small, round, on peduncles 

 1—2" in length. May.— The bark is highly esteemed in tanning. 

 * * Leans dent ale or sUghtlij lobcd. 



15. d. iLiciFOLiA. Willd. (CL. Bannisteri. Michx.) Shrub or Smib Oak. 

 Bear Oak. — Lr.s. on long petioles, obovale-cuneale, 3 — 5-lobed, entire on 



the margin, whitish-downy beneath; cup subturbinate ; acorn subglobo.se. — A 

 shrub, common throughout the U. S, growing only on gravely hills and barrens 

 which it occupies exclusively in large tracts. Stem 3 — 4f high, divided into 

 numerous, straggling branches. Acorns small and abundant, and said to be 

 greedily eaten by bears, deer and swine. May. 



16. Gl. NIGRA. Willd. (CI. ferruginea. Michx.) Barren-Oak. Blaek-Jnck. 

 Iron Oak. — Lis. coriaceous, cuneiform, obtuse or subcordate at base, 3- 



lobed at ape.K, lobes nearly equal, entire or retuse, mucronate when young, at 

 length wholly awnless, smooth and shining above, ferruginous-pulverulent be- 

 neath, villose in the axils ot the veins; jr. with a turbinate cup and roundish 

 ovoid acorn ; scales of the cup obtuse, .'^carious. — A small, gnarled tree, with dark, 

 massy foliage, in sandy soils, N. J. to 111. ! and S. States. Trunk 20— 30f high, 

 with a thick, black, broken bark. The leaves are very firm in texture, 3—5' 

 by 2i — 4', broadest near the apex, middle lobe scarcely as wide and but little 

 longer than the other two. Petioles 3—6" long. May.— The wood is very 

 valuable for fuel. 



17. Q.. TRILOBA. Daiony Black Oak. 



Lvs. oblong-cuneiform, acute at the base, somewhat 3-lobed at the end, 

 lomentose beneath, lobes equal, mucronate with setaceous aw^ns, middle one 

 longer ; frail with a flat cup and a depressed-globo.se acorn. — A tree of rapid 

 growth, 25 — 40f high, in the pine barrens of N. J. to Flor. 



18. Gl. HETEROPHYLLA. Pursh. (Cl. Lcana. Clark.) 



Lis. on long petioles, coriaceous, oblong or oblong-ovate, acute or rounded 

 or subcordate at base, margin with a few shallow, tooth-like lobes, or often only 

 wavy or entire; lobes setaceous-acuminate; acorn subglobo.se, in a hemispheri- 

 cal cup ; scales of the cup oblong-ovate, obtuse. — Ohio ! I have specimens of the 

 leaves and fruit of this remarkable and long lost species from Mr. J. Clark, 

 re-discovered in Ohio, by the late Mr. T. G. Lea. The leaves are exceedingly 

 variable, usually 4 — 6' by li — 2', smooth and shining above, tomentose along 

 the veins beneath, generally broad and abrupt at base. Fruit f ' diam. 

 * * * Leaves entire. 



19. a. Phellos. Willow Oak. 



Lis. deciduous, linear-lanceolate, tapering to each end, very entire, gla- 

 brous, mucronate at apex ; acorn subglobose, in shallow cups. — A tree 30 — 60f 

 high, borders of swamps, N. J. to Flor. and Western States. Trunk straight, 

 10 — 20' diam., covered with a smooth, thick bark. The leaves, which bear con- 

 siderable resemblance to those of the willow, are of a light green color, dentate 

 when young, 3 — 5' in length. Acorn \' diam. May. — The timber is of little value. 



20. Cl. iMBRiCARiA. Laurel Oak. Shingle Oak. 



I AS. deciduous, lance-oblong, acute at each end, briefly petiolate, very 

 entire, .shining-glabrous above, subpubescent beneath, mucronate at apex; acorn 

 subglobose, in a shallow cup; scales of the cup broad-ovate. — A beautiful tree, 

 very abundant in the Western States, also common along rivers, Penn. to Ga. 

 Trunk 40 — 50f high, 1 — 2f diam., with a smooth unbroken bark, and a large 

 head of coarse, irregular branches. The leaves are dark green, thick and 

 firm in texture, 3 — 5' by 1 — H', forming a dense, heavy foliage. June. — The 

 timber makes miserable shingles. In Indiana it is called Jack Oak. 



2. CASTANEA. Tourn. 



From Castanea, a town in'i'hessaly, whtic this tree still grows to magnificent dimensions. 



c?^in a long, cylindric amcut ; cal. 6-cleft; sta. 10 — 12. 9 3, within 

 a 4-lobcd, cleuseiv muricatecl involucre : cal. 5 — G-lobed : sta. 10 — 12 



