INTRODUCTION. 



As plants are generally reproduced by seed,, Linnseus 

 chose the parts necessary to that end as the basis 

 of his artificial system of Botanical arrangement. 

 The parts of fructification he distinguishes into seven 

 kinds, which may be enumerated in tlie following 

 order. 



Calyx, or flower cup, as seen in the green tu- 

 bular part in she Clove-pink. a This part in different 

 flowers is various in shape and structure, in some 

 it is permanent till the seed is ripe, as in the 

 Dead Nettle ; in others it falls before the flower is 



a The colour of the Calyx is usually green ; nevertheless in 

 some plants it is of other colours ; in the pomegranate it is 

 scarlet, in the Holmskioldia and Fuchsia it is a bright crim- 

 son. 



That part which surrounds the flower is distinguished in 

 the language of FSotany, by the general term Perlar.thium, and 

 the word Calyx may be considered as only having a more 

 precise and technical meaning, under which head Linnaeus 

 has distinguished seven kinds. 



1 Calyx, properly so called, as in the Clove-pink. 



2 Involucrum. 5 Gluma. 



3 Amentum. 6 Perichjetium. 



4 Spatha. 7 Volva. 



See examples in Class II. VII. IX. X. XVL XXIV. 



