32 



safranin-picro-indigo-carmin, those from Zenker's in magenta- 

 picro-indigo-carmin (Borrel) , gentian-violet-picro-indigo-carniin, 

 eosin-methylene-blue, eosin and toluidin blue, hematoxylin and 

 eosin, hematoxjdin and picro-fuchsin (van Gieson), chloride of iron 

 heniatox3'lin (Mallory), and Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin. 



After some preliminary staining it was evident that for simple 

 diagnosis from alcohol tissues, the eosin-toluidin-blue and thionin- 

 oxalic-acid methods were most satisfactory in the order given; for 

 other (sublimate or chrome) tissues, hematoxylin and eosin were 

 most useful. However, it was evident that for careful examina- 

 tion and cytologic study the best results could be obtained with 

 Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin and Borrel's stain, or in the case 

 of Flemming's solution sections with safranin-picro-indigo-carmin. 

 Borrel's method may be modified by using gentian violet in the 

 place of magenta with excellent results. 



Borrel's staining gives most brilliant results in sublimate tissues, 

 producing very clear, distinct pictures, which are only surpassed in 

 clearness and delicacy by Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin. Both of 

 these stains have the additional advantage of revealing the bacteria, 

 when differentiation is properly carried out. 



Hematoxylin and eosin is a very satisfactory routine method for 

 demonstrating the amoebae, although the contrasts are not so distinct 

 and the finer elements can not be so well demonstrated. 



Harris's method, when applied to sections of the intestine, gives 

 a considerable contrast between the amoebae and other cells. By 

 its use the organisms are easily found with the lower powers of the 

 microscope. 



Kaiserling tissues respond best to hematoxylin and eosin, but 

 are of little comparative value for detail, and have been used almost 

 exclusively to demonstrate the lesions in a gross microscopic way. 

 From such tissues serial sections have been made of various types 

 of lesions and their form and extent studied in that way. 



Gross lesions. — Many writers say that the macroscopic lesions 

 of intestinal amoebiasis are pathognomonic. While in certain 

 cases — perhaps in the majority — this is true, there are others in 

 which the picture may be very deceptive. We have seen cases from 

 whose appearance at autopsy we could not say definitely whether or 

 not we were dealing with amoebiasis, tuberculosis, or some other 

 ulcerative condition, and others, few to be sure, in which the major- 

 ity of the ulcers were not of the classical undermined type, the 



