52 BERBERIDACEiE. Diphylleu. 



2. VANCOUVERIA. Morren ^ Decaisne, in ann. sci. nat. 

 (2. ser.) 2. p. 351. 



Sepals 6, oblong, thin and membranaceous, with 3-9 much smaller oval 

 bracteoles at the base, caducous. Petals 6, obovate, reflexed, the apex some- 

 what cucullate. Nectaries G, opposite the petals, linear-spatulate, concave, 

 reflexed. Stamens 6, erect : filaments flat : anthers oblong, mucronate. 

 Style slender : stigma capitate, somewhat perforated. Ovary (follicle-shaped, 

 minutely glandular-pubescent,) with 8-10 ovules attached to the ventral suture 



in two rows. Fruit — Root slender, horizontal, perennial. Leaves radical, 



2-3-ternate. Scape slender, simple. Flowers in a lax slightly panicled ra- 

 ceme, on filiform nodding pedicels. Petals white: nectaries with yellow 

 tips. 



V. hexandra (Morr. & Decaisne, 1. c.) — Epiraedium hexandrum. Hook. 

 Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 31. t. 13. Caulophyllum gracile, Dougl. viss. ex Hook. 



In deep pine woods around Fort Vancouver, Douglas <^ Scouler, Nuttall ! 

 also from Puget Sound to North California, ex Hook. — Scape a foot high ; 

 flowers small ; the floral envelopes all very thin and membranaceous. Leaf- 

 lets petiolulate, subcordate, obtusely 3-5-lobed, membranaceous, the margin 

 undulate, with a few weak hairs. Immature carpels (foUicles) excentric and 

 somewhat arcuate. — The bracteoles, or exterior sepals, are probably variable 

 in number, and are besides very caducous. I find nine in specimens collected 

 by Nuttall, all nearly alike and much smaller than the 6 inner or true sepals 

 which subtend the petals. 



3. LEONTICE. Linn.; R.Br. 



Sepals 3-6. Petals 6, bearing a little scale or nectary at the base within. 

 Carpel membranaceous, caducous or inflated, 2-4-seeded. Seeds erect, 

 globose : albumen horny. 



§ Pericarp bursting at an early period '. exposing the finally drupe-like 

 seed raised on its thickened funiculus.r-CAVhOPUYLi.vn, Michx. 



1. L. thalictroides (Linn.) : leaves 3-ternate ; the radical on long petioles ; 

 cauline 1-2, destitute of a common petiole, the lower 3-ternate, the upper 

 (when present) much smaller and 2-ternate ; leaflets incisely 2-3-lobed. — 

 R. Br. in Liiin. trans. 12. p. 145. t. 7 ; Torr. ! jl. 1. p. 336 ; Darlingt. fl. 

 Cest. ed. 2. p. 213. Caulophyllum thalictroides, Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 205. t. 21 ; 

 Pursh! jl. l.p. 218. 



Woods, Canada ! to N. Carolina ! and Kentucky ! April. — Glaucous when 

 young. Stem simple, 1-2 feet high. Leaflets rather ovate, obhque and 

 subcuneiform at the base, the terminal broadest, petiolulate. Panicle small, 

 racemose. Petals greenish-yeUow : scale reniform, viscid. Seeds large (2 

 or by abortion 1), deep blue when ripe, on long and thick fimiculi, baccate : 

 albumen of the forai of the seed, very firm. — The roasted seeds have been 

 used as a substitute for cofiee. — Blue Cohosh. 



4. DIPHYLLEIA. Mich.x. fl. 1. p. 203. t. 19 ^ 20. 



Sepals 3. Petals 6, oval, without glands. Stamens 6. Ovary ovate, ex- 

 centric : stigma subsessile, peltate, lacunose. Ovules about 4, borne on a 



