50 ' BERBERIDACEJ3. Berberis. 



, 243 ; Bigel fi. Bost. ed. 2. p. 128 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. \. j). 28, excl. syn. 

 B. vulgaris, var. Canadensis, Torr. ! ji. 1. p. 336, not of Willd. 



In waste places and about cultivated grounds, Canada! and Northern 

 States I doubtless introduced from Europe, but naturalized in many places. 

 Newfoundland, Morrison ex Hook. May-June. — Stem 3-8 feet high : pith 

 yellowish ; the spines sometimes simple. Berries acid. — Barberry-bush. 



2. B. Canadensis (Pursh) : branches verrucose-dotted, with short triple 

 spines ; leaves spatulate-oblong, remotely serrate with somewhat bristly teeth ; 

 racemes subcorymbose, few-flowered ; petals cmarginate ; berries subglobose 

 or oval— Pursh! Jl. 1. p. 219 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 412 ; Mitt. ! gen. 1. p. 211. 

 B. vulgaris, Walt. Car. p. 120 ; Michx.fl. 1. p. 205. B. vulgaris, var. Can- 

 adensis, Willd. sp. 2. p. 228. 



In the Alleghany Mountains, &c. Virginia ! N. Carolina ! Tennessee ! 

 to Georgia. Also Canada, Pursh, but this is very doubtful. May- June. — 

 Shrub 2-3 feet high (stem and roots yellow, Nutt.) Leaves much smaller 

 and narrower than in the preceding species, attenuate at the base, but nearly 

 sessile ; the margin serrulate with 6-8 distant, often inconspicuous, mucro- 

 nate teeth. Raceme 5-8-floAvered, nodding : flowers smaller than in B. vul- 

 garis; fruit smaller and much shorter. — This indigenous species, very dis- 

 tinct from B. vulgaris, with which it has been in some degree confounded, is 

 probably a native of the Southern States only ; the Barberry of the New Eng- 

 land States and, doubtless, of Canada, being the European species, and cer- 

 tainly not indigenous. Our species was first noticed, apparently, by Marshall, 

 who states that he has a different species of Barberry growmg near New 

 River, Virginia. Original specimens, collected and named by Pursh, exist 

 in the herbarium of the late Prof. Barton, now deposited in the rooms of the 

 American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.— B. emarginata, Willd., a 

 Siberian plant, appears to be very near this species. 



§ 2. Leaves (evergreen) pinnate : petioles articulated at the origin of the 

 leaflets : filaments usually 2-toothed at the sumonit.—MAnomA, Nutt. 



3. B. Aquifolium (Pursh) : leaflets 3-6 pairs (the lower pair not approxima- 

 ted to the base of the petiole), coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate or elliptical-oblong, 

 inequilateral or slightly cordate at the base, 1-nerved, the margin repand 

 with thorny or spinulose-cuspidate teeth ; racemes short, nearly erect, clus- 

 tered; filaments 2-toothed.— Pwrs/i.,/. I. p. 219. t. 4. (excl./. 5. the fruit.) 



a. leaflets about 3 pairs, approximate, oblong-ovate, obtuse, pale green and 

 slightly glaucous both sides, flat or with shghtly undulate margins, with 5-9 

 short cuspidate teeth on each side.— B. AquifoUum, Pursh, I. c. (excl./ 1. 

 the separate leaflet) ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 29, in part. B. pinnata, MuhU 

 cat. ed. 2. p. 36. B. repens, Lindl. hot. res:, t. 1176. Mahonia Aquifolium, 

 Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 212 ; DC. syst. 1. p. 20. excl. (3. 



0. leaflets 4-6 pairs, often rather distant, ovate-lanceolate, acutish, " pale 

 but bright green above" (Hook.), glaucous beneath, fiat or a Uttle undulate 

 along the margins, slightly repand with numerous cuspidate teeth. — B. pin- 

 nata /?., Hook. I. c. 



y. leaflets 4-5 pairs, mostly approximate, ovate-lanceolate, acutish, dark 

 green and shining above, when mature rigidly undulate and repandly 6-12- 

 toothed on each margin ; teeth thorny and rather divaricate. — B. AquifoUum, 

 Pursh, I. c. f. 1. (a separate leaflet) ex Lindl. ; Hook. I. c. in part ; Lindl. 

 bat. reg. t. 1425. B. pinnata, Menzies, in herb. Banks. B. pinnata a. 

 Hook. I. C.I excl. syn. Deless. ^c. Mahonia AquifoUum ^. Nutkana, DC. 

 I.e. 



In woods and along rivers throughout Oregon, a. From the Great Rapids 

 of the Oregon River (Lewis) to the Eastern declivity of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains, lat, lo°, Dr. James ! and the sources of the Colorado of the West, 



