PoLYGALA. POLYGALACE^. 127 



2. P. purpurea (Nutt.) : spikes ovate or oblonjr, compart ; winps broadly 

 ovate or obovate ; crest minute ; seed obovate, hairy ; caruncle nearly as long 

 as the seed; leaves linear and oblong-linear ; stem fastigiately branched. — 

 Nutt. gen. 2. p. 88 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 328 ; Darlinet.Ji. Vest. p'. 401 . P. san- 

 guinea, Michx.! fl. 2. p. 52 ; Pursh ! fi. 2. p. 465; liigcl. Ji. Host. p. 264 ; 

 Bai-t. fl. Amer. Sept. 2. t. 46. 



Wet meadows; also in sandy fields, Massachusetts! to New Orleans! 

 west to Arkansas! July-September. — {T) Stem S-12 inches high, erect, 

 sometimes simple, but usually more or less branched above, angular and 

 slightly winged. Leaves an inch long and 2 lines wide. Racemes at first 

 akuost globose, at length oblong ; lower tiowers deciduous : bracts minute, 

 somewhat persistent. Wings usually dilated at the base, or somewhat cor- 

 date, rose-color and green, of a firm texture, generally twice as long as the 

 mature fruit. Style as in the preceding species. Seeds giayish-black. — 

 Much more common than the preceding species, from which if is easily dis- 

 tinguished by its broader and thicker wings, and minute caruncle, which is 

 scarcely one-fifth the length of the seed. This is P. sanguniea of most 

 North American botanists ; but whether it is the plant of Linnaeus can only 

 be determined by consulting his herbarium. 



3. P. cruciata (Linn.) : spikes ovate, dense, sessile or on short peduncles ; 

 wings deltoid-cordate, acute or cuspidate ; crest minute; caruncle nearly as 

 long as the seed ; stem somewhat fasiigiate, winged at the angles ; leaves 

 verticillate in fours, linear and linear-oblong, punctate. — iMich.r. ! ji. 2. p. 

 52; Nutt.f gen.2.p.89; DC. prodr. 2. p. 328; Ell. sk. 2. p. 183 ; Bigelji. 

 Bost. p. 266 ; Hook.fl. Bor. Am. l.p. 85. P. brevifolia, Nutt. I. c j DC. I. c. 

 P. fastigiata, Nutt.! I. c. P. cuspidata, Hook. ^ Am. in bot.jour. l.p. 195. 



Swamps, particularly where Sphagnum abounds, Massachusetts to Flo- 

 rida ! west to Louisiana! Aug.-Sept. — (I) Stem (in open situations) low 

 and with spreading branches, or (in shady places) rather tall, with erect 

 slender branches. Leaves linear, or somewhat oblong, obtuse, marked with 

 obscure resinous dots. Spikes at first dense, often sessile, but sometimes pe- 

 dunculate. Wings much dilated at the base, greenish with a purple margin, 

 larger than the capsule. Lateral petals oblong. Style as in P. sanguinea. 

 Seed obovate-oblong, sparsely hirsute. — This species varies much in size, 

 branching of the stem and form of the leaves, according to its degree of ex- 

 posure to light and moisture. 



4. P. lutea (Linn.) : spikes ovate, dense ; flowers distinctly pedicellate ; 

 wings ovate, abruptly acuminate ; exterior sepals minute ; crest mmute; cau- 

 line leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute ; radical ones obovate, attenuate at the 

 base ; stems mostly branched. — Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 88 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 328 ; 

 Ell sk. 2. p. 185. P. lutea, var. elatior, Michx. ! ji. 2. p. 54. 



Sandy swamps. New Jersey ! to Alabama ! June-October. — (?) Stem 

 €-12 inches high, often simple, but generally throwing off a few long nearly 

 naked and spreading branches. Radical leaves rosulale, obtuse. Flowers 

 bright orange-yellow, and of nearly the same color when dry. Style elongated, 

 slightly dilated in the middle, from which proceeds a pedicellate gland. 

 Seed hairy. Lobes of the caruncle Linear, collateral, nearly as long as the seed. 



5. P. 7iana (DC.) : spikes cyUndrical-ovate, dense ; flowers nearly sessile ; 

 wings ovate, cuspidately acuminate, twice the length of the nearly equal ex- 

 terior sepals ; crest conspicuous, segments filiform, exceding the lateral petals ; 

 leaves oblong-spatulate, somewhat petioled ; stem mostly simple, often short- 

 er than the leaves. — DC. prodr. l.p. 328. P. viridescens, Nutt.! gen. 2. 

 p. 88 ( not of Pair.) ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 186. P. lutea, var. nana, Michx. ! fl. 2. 

 p.5i. 



Damp pine barrens, Carolina ! to Louisiana ! west to Arkansas ! — Stems 

 1-4 inches long. Radical leaves often ligulate, obtuse. Spikes large and 



