140 VIOLACEiE. Viola. 



Wet meadowi=, chiefly in mountainous districts, Canada! to Georgia! 

 west to Kentucky ! and Illinois. April-May.— Plant 6-12 inches high. 

 Leaves 1-li inch broad, crenately toothed: stipules conspicuous. Flowers 

 large, sulphur-yellow: peduncles longer than the leaves: lateral petals beard- 

 ed. — Perhaps V. debilis of Michaux should rather be referred to V. Muhlen- 

 bergii; but his specimens of that species are imperfect, and we were unable 

 to determine them with certainty. 



16. F. Muhlenbergii (Torr.): glabrous; stem assurgent or somewhat 

 prostrate; leaves reniform-cordate, the upper ones a little acuminate, cre- 

 natelv serrate ; stipules lanceolate, deeply serrate-ciliate ; stigma tubular, 

 papillose, pubescent; spur produced.— Tarr. .' /. 1. p. 256. V. Muhlen- 

 bergiana, Ging. in DC. prodr. \. p. 297; Le Conte ! I. c; Hook. fl. Bor.- 

 Am. 1. p. 78. V. uliginosa & asarifolia, Mv.Jd. ! cat. p. 25. V. debilis, 

 Pursh! fl. \.p. 174 (excl. syn.). V. punctata (fc V. uliginosa, Schicein.! 

 I.e. v. Labradorica, Schrank ; DC. I. c. 



a. albiflora (Hook.): stems very short; leaves cordate-ovate or ovate, 

 densely pubescent ; flowers white. — Hook. I. c. 



y. multicanlis : stems numerous, prostrate; leaves cordate-reniform, ob- 

 tuse, rather thick, minutely pubescent on both sides ; stigma very acute, re- 

 curved ; lateral petals distinctly bearded. 



Swamps, and in dry shady places, Labrador ! and British America (lat. 

 59-^) to New Orleans! west to the Rocky Mountains! P. British America, 

 Eichardson. y. Rocks near Kentucky River, Short. April-May.— Stem 

 6-10 inches long, branched from the base, when old decumbent and genicu- 

 late. Veins of the under surface of the leaves sometimes pubescent. Flow- 

 ers middle-sized, rather pale blue: lateral petals usually glabrous. Spur 

 often more than half the length of the petal— Very near V. canina of Eu- 

 rope; a species which is said by De CandoUe to occur on the N. W. Coast, 

 but which has not been found by any of the recent travellers in that region. 

 The var. y. may prove to be a distinct species. When it first begins to flower 

 the stem is very short, but at length it throws off prostrate branches, which 

 produce tufts of leaves and flowers at the extremity. 



17. F. longipes (Nutt. ! mss.) : "glabrous or slightly pubescent; stem short, 

 somewhat decumbent ; leaves ovate-cordate, obtuse, more or less decurrent 

 at the base, repandly crenate ; stipules linear-lanceolate, remotely spinulose- 

 denticulate or lacerately cihate ; peduncles elongated ; stigma slightly ros- 

 trate, slender, papillose ; spur produced, obtuse. V. debilis, Nutt. ! in jour, 

 acad. Philad. 7. p. 15, not of Micl\a\ 



" Borders of woods and in bushy plains near the Oregon, and in the 

 Rocky Mountains.— Root creeping. Stem 1-2 inches long. Leaves on 

 petioles which are 2-3 times as long as the lamina, dotted with minute brown 

 glands: stipules conspicuous, 6-8 lines long. Peduncles overtopping the 

 leaves: bracts above the middle, linear-subulate. Flowers as large as in V. 

 Muhlenbergii, deep blue. Appendages of the anthers filiform." Am«.— The 

 V. canina, Richards, in upp. Frankl. journ. is supposed by Nuttail to be a 

 variety of this species. 



18. F. rostrata (Pursh) : glabrous ; stems numerous, assurgent, terete ; 

 leaves cordate, the upper ones acute, serrate ; stipules lanceolate, serrate- 

 ciliate; stigma glabrous, tubular, erect, minute ; petals beardless; spur longer 

 than the corolla.— Pz^rs^, fl. 1. p. 72 ; Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 150 ; Schicein. 1. c. ; 

 Torr. ! fi.\. p- 256 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 298 ; Le Conte ! I. c. ; Hook.f. Bor.- 

 Am. 1. p. 78. 



Moist rocky situations, Canada ! to Virginia ; Avest to Ohio and Kentucky. 

 May. — Stems 4-6 inches high. Sinus of the leaves open. Flowers large, 

 pale blue. Petals beardless, slightly veined with deep blue. Spur slender 



