632 UMBELLIFER^. Hkracleum. 



32. PASTINACA. Tourn. ; Linn.; DC. prodr. 4. p. 188. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete or minute. Petals somewhat orbicular, entire, invo- 

 lute ; the point broad and retuse. Fruit much compressed, with a dilated 

 flat margin. Carpels with 5 very slender ribs ; 3 of them dorsal and equi- 

 distant ; the lateral ones remote, contiguous to the margin. Intervals with 

 single vittse. Commissure with 2 or more vitta;. Carpophore 2-parted.. 

 Seed flat. — Perennial or biennial herbs, with fusiform often fleshy roots. 

 Leaves pinnately divided ; the segments toothed, incised, or lobed. Involucre 

 and involucels few-leaved or none. Flowers yellow. — Parsnep. 



1. P. saliva (Linn.) : stem sulcate, glabrous ; leaves minutely pubescent; 

 segments ovate-oblong, obtuse, unequally toothed and serrate, incised at the 



base ; the terminal one 3-lobed ; fruit oval ; the commissure with 2 vittje. 



lAnn. spec. I. p. 262 ,• Engl. hot. t. 556 ; Pursh,jl. 1. p. 196 ,- DC. ]?rodr. 

 4. p. 188. 



Fields and waste places. Introduced. July-Sept. — Plant yellowish-green. 

 Root biennial, fleshy. Stem 2-5 feet high. Leaves somewhat shining ; 

 the segments sessile. Umbels large, fastigiate. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit 

 about one-third of an inch long, emarginate ; the border somewhat thickened. 

 Vittaj dark purple. — Common Parsnep. Wild Parsnep. 



33. HERACLEUM. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 200; DC. prodr. 4. p. 191. 



Calyx-teeth distinct, or sometimes obsolete. Petals obcordate, with an in- 

 flexed point ; in the exterior flowers often radiate and apparentl}"- deeply 

 2-cleft. Fruit much compressed on the back, with a broad flat margin : 

 ribs slender ; 3 of them dorsal and equidistant ; the 2 lateral more remote, 

 and contiguous to the dilated margin. Vittae mostly clavate, shorter than 

 the fruit ; one in each interval, and usually 2 in the commissure. Seed flat. 

 Stout herbs, with pinnately or ternately divided or lobed leaves : petiole 

 large and sheathing. Umbels with numerous raj's. Involucre caducous, 

 mostly few-leaved. Involucels many-leaved. — Coio-Parsnep. Master- 

 Wort. 



1. H. lanatuni (Michx.) : stem sulcate, pubescent; leaves ternately 

 divided, tomentose-pu])escent beneath ; the segments petiolulate, roundish- 

 cordate, lobed; fruit oval or obovate. — Michx."! fl. 1. p. 166; Pursh, fi. 1. 

 p. 181 ; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 110 ; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 313 ; DC! inodr. 

 4. p. 192; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 270; Bongard, vcg. Sitcha, in mem. 

 acad. St. Pctersb. {ser. 6) 2. p. 142 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 196. 



/?. vestitum : upper part of the stem and petioles densely woolly ; leaves 

 somewhat obtusely lobed and toothed. — H. vestitum, NiUt. ! mss. H. 

 Douglasii, DC. I. c. ; Hook. L c. 



Wet meadows, Newfoundland ! and Canada ! as far north as lat. 58° 

 {Richardson) ; to Pennsylvania and Kentucky. Oregon, Dr. Scoulcr, 

 Douglas. Sitcha, Bongard. /?. Wappatoo Island, Oregon, Nuttall ! — U 

 Stem 4-8 feet high, an inch or more in diameter at the base. Leaves very 

 large : the principal divisions 4-10 inches in diameter, unequally lobed ; the 

 lobes acuminate, nearly glabrous on the upper surface. Umbels widely 

 spreading, 6-10 inches or mtore in diameter. Involucre of 6-10 oblong- 



