294 Seifriz: Plants on Mt. Gedeh, Java 



on the dorsal side of the frond, are at first suspected of being 

 insect galls. Another interesting species of fern is the epi- 

 phytic climber, Oleandra neriiformis, whose sprawling fronds 

 reach far out from the tree trunk on which they grow somewhat 

 in the manner of the epiphytic Freycinetid. The slender, hairy 

 Poly podium setigerum is a graceful epiphytic fern. But to give 

 a representative list of the ferns to be found in a Javan mountain 

 forest would be a tremendous task. 



Lycopodiums and selaginellas are likewise numerous. Ly co- 

 podium Phlegmaria is an interesting epiphytic species looking, 

 with its tiny lanceolate leaves, more like a phanerogamous creeper 

 than a member of the Pteridophyta. 



The epiphytic growth of bryophytes is luxuriant. Every 

 tree is moss-bedecked (Plate 16, fig. 2). The most abundant 

 and typical festooning moss of the second subzone is Papillaria 

 fuscescens, readily distinguished by its long, pendent streamers 

 and small alternate "leaves" standing out at right angles to the 

 stem. The moss Mniodendron divaricatum is a constant com- 

 panion under foot from the first to the third subzone. Its little 

 upright shoots, resembling miniature palms, are scattered over 

 the ground and rocks along the trail until the highest altitudes are 

 reached. Occurring epiphytically with the profuse growth is 

 one of the many species of the liverwort Plagiochila (e.g., P. 

 B danger iana) . A small terrestrial hepatic is Fimbriaria Zollin- 

 ger i. 



Very few lichens are to be found in this moss-covered zone, 

 though a few gelatinous species are present. The absence of 

 lichens is probably due, in part, to the moderate amount of 

 light which penetrates the interior of this subzone, and, in part, 

 to lack of space upon which to grow. They are crowded out 

 by the widespread mossy covering. 



As the upper limits of the second subzone are reached the 

 giant specimens of Podocarpus, Engelhardtia, and Schima 

 are no longer to be found. Only relatively small examples of 

 these genera are now present (Plate 16, fig. 2). The average 

 diameter of trees in the upper half of the second subzone is not 

 over 12 inches as compared with diameters of 5 feet {Podocarpus) 

 and 4 feet {Engelhardtia) in the first half of the zone. 



As the border line between the second and third subzones is 

 reached small bogs are not infrequent. Growing in these one 



