Vol. XIII] EVANS— HEPATIC Al OF CALIFORNIA HJ 



shows about forty projections measuring 3-4[x in length. 

 These projections sometimes represent actual slender cones 

 tapering to sharp points. In other cases they may represent 

 the optical sections of narrow ridges extending for a variable 

 but short distance from the periphery toward the center of 

 the spherical face. In exceptional cases a series of such ridges 

 may be distinctly parallel when a spore is viewed sidewise, 

 but this appearance is no longer to be made out when the 

 spherical face is turned toward the observer's eye. Except 

 for these occasional parallel ridges the thickenings of the spore 

 wall are exceedingly irregular and consist of sharp slender 

 cones or short and narrow ridges closely crowded together 

 and showing no indications of closed meshes. Although ridges 

 may be evident even in the median portion of the spherical 

 face they are so short and so irregular that they look very 

 different from the longer and anastomosing ridges seen in a 

 spore of the cristate type. Howe's figs. 17 and 20 clearly 

 represent F. hispidissima. Fig. 20 was drawn from a speci- 

 men collected by A. J. McClatchie at Pasadena, so that this 

 locality also may be cited for the species. Fig. 17 was drawn 

 from a plant which Howe thought might have represented a 

 portion of Howe's original material of F. longiseta. It came 

 from the Austin collection but no data were given regarding 

 its collector or the part of California where it was found. The 

 type specimen of F. hispidissima, collected at San Francisco 

 by Bolander, has not been seen by the writer. 



The occurrence of ridges on spores of the echinate type is 

 by no means unusual. Even in F. ccespitiformis (Raddi) De 

 Not. of southern Europe and neighboring regions, which is 

 one of the most distinct species with spores of this character, 

 the projections are really short ridges truncate at the tips ; and 

 these ridges, in Schiffner's var. subcristata/ 6 have often a con- 

 siderable length and give the spores an approximately cristate 

 appearance, especially when viewed from the side. In another 

 echinate species, the rare F. mittenii Tindall 17 of Devonshire, 

 England, the projections are again in the form of short ridges 

 with rounded, truncate or even emarginate apices. The Euro- 

 pean species which seems to come closest to F. hispidissima is 



"Verhandl. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69: 34. 1909. 

 "Jour. Bot. 36: 44. pi. 282 B. 1898. 



