[XVOLUCRE. 



93 



nature is certainly obscure. They are subject to the same laws of venation and 

 form, perform the same functious, and arc sometimes almost undistingiiishable 

 from the leaves themselves. They also (very rarely) develop buds in their axils. 

 a. When they grow from the stem itself, they may, therefore, be regarded as 

 rudimentary leaves, but when from the base of the petiole, as is most common, 

 they ai-e the undeveloped leaflets of a pinnate leaf, as in the rose. 



251. When leaves are furnished ^\'ith stipules they are said 

 to be stipulate, and when without them they are exstipidate. 

 The stipules Avhich are situated at the base of leaflets are called 

 stipch. 



FIG. 35. — Stipules, Bracts, &c. 1, a, stipule of grass ; 2, 6, of rose ; 3, c, bract of Tilia ; 

 4, d, of a Campanula ; 5, Sium. a, involucre, c, involucel ; 6, Comus Canadensis, a, colored 

 involucre, c, flowers ; 7, Arum, a spathe, c, spadix. 



252. Bracts, called also floral leaves, are leaf-like append- 

 ages, intermediate between leaves and the floral organs. From 

 leaves they are generally distinguished by their being placed 

 near the flower, their smaller size, their difTerence in form, and 

 often in color. 



253. That bracts are of the same nature as leaves is perfectly evident, for so 

 gradual is the transition between them that no absolute limits can be assigned. 

 That they have a common oiigin vn\\\ the sepals of the calyx also, is equally evi- 

 dent, — so imperceptibly do the latter pass into bi'acts; afFoi'ding one of the 

 strongest proofs of the doctrine of floral metamorphosis. 



a. Bracts have received diiferent names, according to their an-angement and 

 situation. They constitute an 



254. Involucre, when they are arranged in a whorl, and sur 

 round several flowers. In the Phlox, and generally, it is green, 

 9 



