46 



THE FLOWER. 



sometimes distinct, but generally cohere by their edges, to a 

 greater or less extent, forming a cup as in the rose, or a tube as 

 in the pink. The calyx is then said to be monoscpalous, a term 

 which must never be literally applied, since no true calyx can 

 consist of merely a single sepal ; when the sepals are not united 

 in any degree, the calyx is said to be polysepalous. 



97. If the calyx is free, that 

 is, distinct from the ovary, as 

 in the pink, it is said to be in- 

 ferior, while the ovaiy is supe- 

 rior ; but if the calyx be adhe- 

 rent to the sides of tlie ovaiy, 

 so as to appear to grow out of 

 its summit, as in the rose, it is 

 said to be superior. (Fig. 13 ; 



FIG. 13.— 3, Ovar)', with adherent (superior), j^ 3 \ 

 persistent calyx; 1, vertical section of the same, 



showing the epi^nous (Gr. «;)on <Ae piS«iOs»a- 98. Ll rCSpCCt tO duratioU, 

 mens ; 2, calyx free (inferior), stamens hypogy- -^ -^ ^af/wcOMi whcu it faUs off 

 nous (Gr. under the pistil); 4, stamens on the 



calyx, that is, perigynous(Gr. arounrf «;ie;)is(i/); as soon aS the tlower IS ex- 

 5, stamens on the corolla (perigynous) ; 6, sta- ponded, Ex. poppy ; dcciduOUS, 

 men with the connectile continued beyond the -. /- n n- ,^ n 



3„„,gr when it falls oft as the flower 



decays, Ex. water lily; and p)ersistent, when it remains upon 

 the germ after the corolla has fallen ; Ex. rose, apple. 



99. The calyx is sometimes reduced to a mere rim, and some- 

 times, when there is no corolla, the calyx is entirely wanting 

 (54). 



a. Again, the calyx is reduced to a whorl of mere hair-like 

 processes, called pappus, or down. This kind of calyx is pecu- 

 liar to the Composite, as the Asters, sunflower, &c., where the 

 flowers are collected in heads so compact that the calyx has no 

 room to develop itself in the usual manner. If the pappus con- 

 sists of simple hairs, it is said to be pilose ; if the hairs are 

 feathery, plumose; if they are stiff', like bristles, setose; if dilated. 

 so as to become chaffy, paleaceous. 



56. OF THE COROLLA. 



100. Corolla is a Latin diminutive, signifying a chaplet or 



