Caltha. I. RANUNCULACEiE. 143 



peduncles. The lobeb oltlie root leaves are also rounded rather than acute at 

 apex. May, Jn. <^ 



10. R. FASCICULARI.S. Muhl. Early Crowfoot. 



St. erect, branched ; lis. pubescent, ternate, the middle segments deeply 3- 

 clcft, lateral ones remotely 3-lobed; ca^. villous, spreading, shorter than the 

 petals. — Rocky woods and hills, Peun. to Wiscon. N. to Can. Root a fascicle 

 of fleshy fibres. Radical leaves on petioles 3 — 8' long, so divided as to appear 

 almost pinnate ; upper leaves 3-parted, nearly sessile. Flowers large. Petals 

 yellow, cuneate-obovatc, with a scale at base as broad as the transparent claw. 

 Apr. May. 



11. R. PENNSvi.VAN'icLs. CR. hispidus. Pk.) Bristly Crowfoot. 



St. erect, and with the petioles covered with stiff, spreading hairs ; hs. vil- 

 lous, ternate, Ifts. subpetiolate, deeply 3-lobed, incisely serrate ; cat. reflexed, 

 rather longer than the roundish petals ; carpels tipped with a short, straight 

 style. — A very hairy species, in wet grounds, Can. and U. S. Stem li — 3f 

 high. Leaves 2 — 3' diam. ; leaflets strongly veined and with spreading seg- 

 ments. Flowers numerous, small, bright yellow. Fruit in dense oblong or cy- 

 lindrical heads. Jn. — Aug. 



12. R. REPENs. (R. intermedius. Eaton. R. Clintonii. Beck.) 



St. branching from the base, prostrate, radicating at the joints; Ivs. trifo- 

 liate, Ifls. petiolate, cuneiform, 3-lobed, cut-dentate ; ped. furrowed ; cal. spreading ; 

 carpels with a broad, not recurved point. — In moist or shady places. Can. and 

 U. S. Stems 1 — 3 or 4f long, generally nairy at base, the early flowering 

 branches erect. Petioles hairy, long. Leaves hairy on the veins, dark green. 

 Flowers middle size, bright yellow. Petals often emarginate. May — Jl. 



/?. llncarilobiis. DC. St. very long, florifcrous ; lobes of Ivs. very narrow. 



y. Marilandicus. T. & G. St. and pctioks dcnselj' hirsute with soft hairs ; 

 Ifts. distinctly petiolulate. 



13. R. PuRSHii. Richardson. Floating Croivfoot. 



Floating; sMong; submergedlvs. cXe^into numerous capillary segments, 

 emersed ones reniform, 3 — 5-parted, the lobes variously divided ; sep. reflexed, 

 half as long as the petals ; carpels smooth, with a short, straight, ensiform style ; 

 hds. globose. — Ponds, sluggish streams, and muddy places. Can., U. S. Stem 

 1 — 2f or more in length, fistulous. Leaves pentangular in outline, | — IJ' 

 diam., those below most finely divided; petioles i — 2' in length. Flowers 

 bright yellow, emerging on forked, striate peduncles. May, Jn. 



/?. (R. fluviatilis. I3w. R. lacustris. Beck.) Lvs. all capillaceous-multi- 

 fid ; fls. as large as in R. acris. 



14. R. AauATiLis. /?. capillaccus. River Crovrfoot. 



St. floating ; submersed lvs. filiformly dissected ; pet. obovate, larger than the 

 cal3'x, white ; carpels transversely rugose. — Ponds and sluggish streams, Arctic 

 Am. to S. Car. W. to Rocky Mts. The whole plant is submerged except the 

 flowers, and perhaps a lew of the upper leaves. Stem 1 — 2f or more in length, 

 slender, weak, round, smooth, jointed. Leaves divided dichotomously into 

 numerous, hair-like segments, in outline roundish and J — 1' diam. Peduncles 

 thick, I — U' long. Flowers smaller than in R. acris. Petals rather narrow, 

 white, except the yellow claws. Jl. Aug. 



Observation.— Several of the above mentioned species are double-flo wared in cultivation, as No9. 8, 9, 

 and 12. Of foreign species, R. Asiaticus, the garden Ranunculus, with large double flowers van-ins to 

 every hue, and R. acomtilblius, wiUi white double flowers, are sometimes, but not generally, found in 

 our gardens. 



6. CALTHA. 



Gr. (caXa^of , a soblet ; the yellow calyx may well be compared to a golden cup. 



Calyx colored, of 5 orbicular sepals, resembling petals ; corolla ; 

 stamens 00, shorter than the sepals ; follicles 5 — 10, oblong, com- 

 pressed, erect, many-seeded. — % Aquatic and very glabrous. 

 C. PALUSTRis. Marsh Marigold. CffiosUps. 



St. erect ; lvs. cordate, suborbicular, crenate. — Wet meadows. Can. to Car. 



W. to Oregon. Root large, branching. Stem about It high, hollow, round, 



13 . . > 



