XII. PUMARIACE^E. 167 



5. PAPAVER. 



Celtic, papa, pap; a soporific food for children, composed of poppy-seeds, &c: 



Sepals 2, caducous; petals 4 ; stamens 00; capsule 1 -celled, open- 

 ing by pores under the broad, persistent stigma. — Exotic herbs, mostly 

 ©, %cith white juice abounding in opium. 



1. P. soMNiFERUM. Opiuvi Pappy. 



Glabrou-s and glaucous ; /cs. clasping, inci-sed and dentate; scp. glabrous; 

 cap. globose.— A plant with large, brilliantly white flowers, double in cultiva- 

 tion. Stem li—3f high. Leaves 4 — 8' by 2— 3', with rather obtuse dentures. 

 Every part, but especially the capsule, abounds with a white juice powerfully 

 narcotic, and which wheii hardened in the sun, forms the ojmnn of the shops. 

 For this drug, it is extensively cultivated in Europe and southern Asia. Jn. 

 Jl.f^ 



2. P. DUBiUM. Dubious Poppy. 



Caulescent ; st. hispid with spreading hairs ; Ivs. pinnately parted, seg- 

 ments incised; ped. clothed with appressed hairs; sep. hairy; caps, obovoid- 

 oblong, glabrous. — Sparingly naturalized in cultivated grounds, Penn. Stem 

 about 2f high. Flowers light red or scarlet. Jn. Jl. % 



3. P. Rh^as. Common Red Poppi/.—St. many-flowered, hairy ; Ivs. incisely 

 pinnatifid ; capsules smooth, nearly globose.— Distinguished from the last spe- 

 cies chiefly by its more finely divided leaves and its globular capsule. About 

 2 f high. Flowers very large and showy, of a deep scarlet red. Varieties are 

 produced with various shades of red and particolored flowers, more or less dou- 

 ble. Jn. Jl.f 



4. P. ORiENTALE. Oriental Poppy.— St. l-flowered, rough; Ivs. scabrous, 

 pinnate, serrate ; capsules smooth. — Native of Levant. Stem 3 f high. 

 Flowers very large, and of a rich scarlet color, too brilliant to be looked upon 

 in the sim. Jn. f 



G. ESCHSCHOLTZIA. 



Named for Eschscholtz, a German botanist, well known for his researches in California/ 



Sepals 2, cohering by their edge, caducous ; petals 4 ; stamens GO, 

 adhering to the claws of the petals ; stigmas 4 — 7, sessile, 2 — 3 of 

 them abortive ; capsule pod-shaped, cylindric, 10-striate, many- 

 seeded. — ® Leaves •pinnatifid., glaucous. The juice., which is colorless, 

 exhales the odor of hydrochloric acid. 



1. E. DouGi,Asii. Hook. (Chryseis Califomica,of I/mrfZ. and of l5;;e(Z<7.)— 

 St. branching, leafy ; torus obconic ; cat. ovoid, with a very short, abrupt acu- 

 mination ; pet. bright yellow, with an orange spot at base.— A very showy 

 annual, common in our gardens. Native of California, Oregon, &c. The 

 foliage is smooth, abundant and rich, dividing in a twice or thrice pinnatifid 

 manner into linear segments. Flowers 2' broad, f 



2. E. Californica. Hook. (Chryseis crocea, Lindl. and of 1st edit.) — St. 

 branching, leafy ; torus funnel-form, with a much dilated limb ; cat. obconic, 

 with a long acumination ; fis. orange-yellow.— From California. Leaves and 

 color of flowers as in the preceding, except the latter are more of a reddish- 

 orange hue. ■)■ 



Order XII. FUMARIACE^.— Fumeworts. 



Plants herbaceous, with brittle stems and a watery juice. 

 Lvs. usually alternate, multifid, often furnished with tendrils. 



F/s. irroKular, purple, white or yellow. Sep. 2, deciduous. i,„,;„„ „. „„,.» 



Cor. -Petals 4, hypogynous, parallel, one or both of the outer saccate, 2 mner cohering^at apex. 



Sta. 6, diadelphous ; Jil. dilated ; anth. adnate. extrorse, 2 outer 1-celled, middle 2-ceUed. 



Ova. superior, 1 celled ; sly. filiform ; stig. with one or more |)oints. 



Fr. either an indehiscent nut 1—2 seeded, or a pod-shaped capsule many-seeaea. 



Sde. shinins, ariled. Albumen fleshy. 



Genera 13, species U0,-8ome of them beautiful and deHc^l?, inhabiting thickets in the te^^^^ 

 regions of the northern hemisphere. They possess no remarkable action upon the animal economy . 



