348 LXXV. COMPOSITE. Cacalia. 



Peduncles more or less thickened upwards. Scales linear, acute, purplish at 

 apex. Rays 4 — 5" long, spreading. May — Aug. 



/?. BahamitcE. (S. Balsamitffi. MiM.) St- villous at base ; Ivs. few, small 

 and distant, pubescent, radical ones oblong-lanceolate ; ped. villous at base. 

 Rocky hills and pastures. 



y. gracilis, (S. gracilis. Ph.) Radical lis. orbicular, on long petioles, cau- 

 line few, linear-oblong, incisely dentate ; pcd. short, pilose, with small, few- 

 rayed heads. — A slender state of the species, on rocky shores. 



S. obovalus. (S. obovatus. Willd.) Radical Irs. obovate ; ped. elongated. — 

 Meadows, &c. 



e. lanccolat'its. Oakes. Radical Ivs. lanceolate, acute, cauline lanceolate, pin- 

 natifid at base. — Shady swamps, Vt. Robbins. 



3. S. psEUDo-ELEGANs. DC. (S. clcgans. Linn.) Purple Jacobcca. — L/vs. 

 equal, pinnatifid, pilose-viscid, spreading ; ped. somewhat scaly ; invol. calyc- 

 ulate with leafy scales ; scales mostly withered at the tips. — Native of the Cape 

 of Good Hope. A beautiful plant in cultivation. Flowers of the disk yellow, 

 of the rays of a most brilliant purple. A variety has double flowers, with colors 

 equally brilliant. Another variety has white flowers. Jn. — Aug. f 



Section 3. Heads discoidi 



50. H Y M E N O P A P P U S. L'Her. 



Gr. Viicv, a membrane, n'oTTTTOf, pappus; from the character. 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all '5, tubular; scales 6 — 12, in 2 

 series, oval, obtuse, membranaceous, colored ; receptacle small, naked ; 

 anthers exserted ; achenia broad at the summit, attenuate to the 

 base ; pappus of many short, obtuse, membranaceous scales in one se- 

 ries. — (D or % North America?i, villosc herbs. Si. grooved and angled. 

 Lvs. alternate^ f innately divided. 



H. scABios^us. L'Her. 



Hoary-villose, or nearly glabrous ; lvs. pinnately or bipinnately parted, 

 segments linear or oblong, entire or sparingly toothed ; hds. collected in simple 

 corymbs; scales of thcinvol. obovaiie,! — il, white, greenish at base, undulate 

 on the margin, longer than the disk ; cor. deeply lobed ; ach. pubescent. — 111. 

 Mead! and Southern States. Stem 1 — 2f high, whitish with soft cotton when 

 young, at length purplish and glabrous. Segments 1 — \\' by 1 — 2", rather 

 acute. Heads whitish, about 2l-flowered. (Apr. May. T. 4" G- Aug. Mead.) 



51. CACALIA. 



An ancient Gr. name of an uncertain plant. 



Flowers all $ ; involucre cylindric, oblong, often calyculate with 

 small scales at the base ; receptacle not chaiFy ; pappus capillary, 

 scabrous. — Mostly %. Smooth. Lvs. alternate. Hds. offis. corymbed. 

 mostly cyanic. 



1. C. suAVEOLENs. Wild Carawaij. 



Glabrous; 5/. striate-angular ; lvs. petiolate, hastate-sagittate, serrate, 

 smooth, green on both sides ;j^5. corymbed, erect; ?«foZ. many-flowered. — TJ. 

 Western N. Y. to Conn., Robbins ! to Ga. ! and 111. Stems 4 — 'bi high, striate, 

 leafy. Radical leaves on long stalks, pointed ; cauline ones on winged stalks. 

 Flowers whitish, in a terminal, compound corymb. Scales and peduncles 

 smooth, with setaceous bracts beneath tlie involucre, and beneath the divisions 

 of the peduncles. Aug. — Resembles a Nabalus. 



2. C. ATRiPLiciFOLiA. Orache-lcaved Caraway. 



Si. herbaceous; lvs. petiolate, smooth, glaucous beneath, radical ones cor- 

 date, dentate, cauline ones rhomboid, sub-bidentate on each side ; Jls. corymbed, 

 erect ; invol. 5-flowered.— N. Y. to Ga. and 111. ! Stem 3— 5f high, round, 

 lealy, subramose. Leaves alternate, the lower ones as large as the hand, with 

 large, unequal teeth. Heads of flowers small, ovoid-cylindric, whitish, loosely 

 corymbose at the tops of the branches. Jl. — Sept. 



