350 LXXV. COMPOSITE. Gnaphalium. 



what fleshy segments. Heads small. Outer scales ovate, inner scarious, ellip- 

 tical. Aug. Sept. 



§ 2. Receptacle naked. Flowers all fertile. 



6. A. Abrotanum. Southernwood.— St. erect ; lower Ivs. bipinnate ; upper ones 



capillary, pinnate ; invol. dowTiy, hemispherical. — A well known shrubby plant 



in gardens, about 3f high. Leaves alternate, much divided into very narrow, 



linear segments. Flowers numerous, nodding, yellow. Native of S. Europe. % 



7. A. LUDOVICIANA. Nutt. 



Herbaceous, canescently tomentose ; Irs. lanceolate, lower incisely and 

 remotely serrate or subpinnatifid, upper entire ; Ms. ovoid, subsessile, arranged 

 in a simple, slender, leafy panicle. — Lake and river shores, Mich, to Mo. W. 

 to Oreg. Stem 3 — 5f high, simple or branched. Leaves quite variable in size, 

 and also in pubescence, sometimes nearly smooth. Heads small and crowded. 

 Aug. Sept. 



8. A. VULGARIS. Common Artemisia or MugwoH. 



Lvs. tomentose beneath, cauline ones pinnatifid, segments lanceolate, 

 acute, subdentate, floral ones entire, linear-lanceolate ; hds. erect, ovoid, sub- 

 sessile ; invol. tomentose.— 'Zj- Introduced from Europe and naturalized in fields, 

 roadsides, banks of streams, &c., Vt. N. H. Stem 2~3f high, branching 

 into a panicle of spicate racemes. Leaves very variable, but never nearly so 

 attenuated as in A. Canadensis. Heads iew, purplish. 



9. A. BIENNIS. Willd. 



Erect, herbaceous, smooth ; lvs. bipinnately parted, upper ones pinnatifid, 

 all with linear, acute and mostly incised lobes ; hds. sessile, arranged in a close, 

 narrow, leafy panicle of short spikes.— Ohio to Mo. and the Saskatchawan, 

 T. <^' G. Aug.— Oct. 



§ 3. Receptacle villous or hairy. Flowers all fertile. 



10. A. Absinthium. Common Wormwood. 



Lvs. multifid, clothed with short, silky down, segments lanceolate ; hds. 

 hemispherical, drooping ; receptacle hairy.— Naturalized in the mountainous dis- 

 tricts of New England, growing among rubbish, rocks and by roadsides. Stems 

 angular, branched, with erect racemes ol nodding, yellow flowers. The whole 

 plant is proverbially bitter, and of powerful medicinal qualities as a tonic, 

 stomachic, &c. ^:j: 



IL A. PoNTicA. Roman Wormword.—Lvs. tomentose beneath, cauline ones 

 bipinnate, leaflets linear ; hds. roundish, stalked, nodding.— Common in gar- 

 dens, where it arises 3 or 4f, with simple branches and racemes of yellow flow- 

 ers. Head with 24 flowers, those of the ray about 6. From Austria, f 



53. TANACETUM. 



Said to be a corruption of a davaros, deathless ; for the durable flowers. 



Involucre hemispherical, imbricate, the scales all minute ; recep- 

 tacle convex, naked ; pappus a slight, membranous border ; achenia 

 with a large, epigynous disk. — Lvs. alter?icite, much dissected. Fls. 

 yellow. 



T. vuLGARE. Tansey.—Lvs. pinnately divided, segments oblong-lanceolate, 

 pinnatifid and incisely serrate; hds. fastigiate-corymbose.— ^ Native of Europe, 

 and naturalized in old fields and roadsides. Stems clustered, 2— 3f high, 

 branched above into a handsome corymb of yellow flowers. Aug.— The whole 

 plant has a strong and aromatic smell and a very bitter taste. The seeds are 

 anthelmintic. A variety called double tansey occurs, with dense and crisped 

 leaves. ^ 



54. GNAPHALIUM. 



Gr. yva(pa\ov, cotton or wool ; from the soft, cottony siuface of the herbage. 



Heads discoid, heterogamous ; involucre imbricate with scarious, 

 colored scales ; marginal flowers subulate, pistillate, in several rows ; 



