Hkdera. LXVIII. ARALIACEiE. 295 



branches. The root is pleasant to the taste, and highly esteemed as an ingre- 

 dient in small beer, &c. July. 



3. A. HispiDA. Wild Elder. Bristly Aralia. 



SI. shrubby at base, hispid ; Ivs. bipinnate ; Ifts. ovate, cut-serrate ; umbels 

 on long peduncles. — %. Common in fields, about stumps and stone-heaps, N. Eng. 

 to Va. Stem 1 — 2f high, the lower part woody and thickly beset with sharp, 

 stiff bristles, the upper part branching, herbaceous. Leaflets many, ending in 

 a long point, ovate, smooth. Umbels many, simple, globose, axillary and ter- 

 minal, followed by bunches of dark-colored, nauseous berries. The plant ex- 

 hales an unpleasant odor. Jl. Aug. 



A. spiNosA. Angelica Tree. 



Arborescent ; 5^. and petioles prickly ; Ivs. bipinnate ; Ifts. ovate, acuminate, 

 sessile, glaucous beneath ; umbels nurderous, forming a very large panicle ; 

 invol. small, few-leaved. — Damp woods, Penn. to Flor. and La. Shrub 8 — I2f 

 high, with the leaves all crowded near the summit. Flowers white. Aug. — 

 Emetic and cathartic. :j: 



2. PANAX. 



Gr. Trai', all, axo;, a remedy ; i. e. a panacea, or universal remedy. 



Dioeciously polygamous. $ Calyx adnate to the ovary, limb short, 

 obsoletely 5-toothed ; petals 5 ; stamens 5, alternate with the petals ; 

 styles 2 — 3 ; fruit baccate, 2 — 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. c? Calyx 

 limb nearly entire ; petals and stamens 5. — Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. 

 3 {in the herbaceous sjjecies), falmately compound. Fls. in a solitary., 

 simple umbel. 



1. P. TRiFOLiUM. Ground Ntit. Dwarf Gi7iseng. 



Rt. globose, tuberous ; lvs. 3, verticillate, 3 — 5-foliate ; Ifts. wedge-lanceo- 

 late, serrate, subsessile ; sty. 3 ; berries 3-seeded. — Common in low woods, Can. 

 to S. States. The globular root is deep in the ground, and nearly I' diam., 

 connected with the stem by a short, screw-like ligament. The stem arises 3— 

 6' above the surface, smooth, slender, simple. At the summit is a whorl of 3 

 compound leaves, with a central peduncle terminating in a little umbel of pure 

 white flowers. Leaflets generally 3, nearly or quite smooth. Barren and fer- 

 tile flowers on different plants, the latter without stamens, succeeded by green 

 berries, the former with a single, abortive style. May. 



2. P. auiNauEFOLiuM. Ginseng. 



Rt. fusiform ; lvs. 3, verticillate, 5-foliate ; Ifts. oval, acuminate, serrate, 

 petiolate ; pcd. of the umbel rather shorter than the common petioles. — Not un- 

 common in rocky or mountainous woods, Can. to the mountains of the South- 

 ern States. Root whitish, thick and fleshy. Stem round, smooth, If high, 

 with a terminal whorl of 3 compound leaves, and a central peduncle bearing 

 a simple umbel. Leaves on round and smooth foot-stalks, consisting of 5, 

 rarely 3 or 7 obovate leaflets. The flowers are small, yellowish, on short pedi- 

 cels. The barren ones borne on separate plants have larger petals and an en- 

 tire calvx. The fertile ones are succeeded by berries of a bright scarlet color. 

 The root is in little estimation as a drug with us, but it enters into the compo- 

 sition of almost every medicine used by the Chinese and Tartars. Jn. Jl. 



3. HEDERA. 



Celtic hedra, a cord ; from the vine-like habit. 



Calyx 5-toothed ; petals 5, dilated at the base ; berry 5-seeded, 

 surrounded by the permanent calyx. — European shrubby plants., climb- 

 ing or erect, with simple, evergreen leaves and green flotcers. 



H. HELIX. English Ivy. — St and branches long and. flexible, attached to the 

 earth or trees or walls by numerous radicating fibres ; lvs. dark green, smooth, 

 with white veins, petiolate, lower ones 5-lobed, upper ovate ; fls. in numeroits 

 um-bels, forming a corymb; ^erry black, with a mealy pulp. — Native of Britain. 

 There are several varieties in gardens, f 



