Castanea. CXXIV. CUPULIFERiE. «5 



Bark blackish and deeply furrowed. Wood coarse-grained, reddish and porous. 

 Lobes of the leaves often not at all falcate in the smaller trees but always 

 clothed with a thick tomentum beneath. Acorns small, round, on pedimcles 

 1 — 2" in length. May. — The bark is highly esteemed in tanning. 

 ♦ * Leaves dentate or slightly lubed. 



15. Q,. iLiciFOLiA. Willd. (Q.. Bannisteri. Michx.) Shrub or Scrub Oak. 

 Bear Oak. — Lis. on long petioles, obovate-cuneate, 3 — 5-lobed, entire on 



the margin, whitish-downy beneath ; cup subturbinate ; acorn subglobose. — A 

 shrub, common throughout the U. S., growing only on gravely hills and barrens 

 which it occupies exclusively in large tracts. Stem 3 — 4f high, divided into 

 numerous, straggling branches. Acorns small and abundant, and said to be 

 greedily eaten by bears, deer and swine. May. 



16. Q,. NIGRA. Willd. (Q,. ferruginea. Michx.) Barren-Oak. Black-Jack. 

 Iron Oak. — Lvs. coriaceous, cuneiform, obtuse or subcordate at base, 3- 



lobed at apex, lobes nearly equal, entire or retuse, mucronate when young, at 

 length wholly awnless, smooth and shining above, ferruginous-pulverulent be- 

 neath, villose in the axils of the veins ; fr. with a turbinate cup and roundish 

 ovoid acorn ; scales of the cup obtuse, scarious. — A small, gnarled tree, with dark, 

 massy foliage, in sandy soils, N. J. to 111. ! and S. States. Trunk 20 — 30f high, 

 with a thick, black, broken bark. The leaves are very firm in texture, 3 — 5' 

 by 2i — 4', broadest near the apex, middle lobe scarcely as wide and but little 

 longer than the other two. Petioles 3 — 6" long. May. — The wood is very 

 valuable for fuel. 



17. Q,. TRILOBA. Daiony Black Oak. 



Lvs. oblong-cuneiform, acute at the base, somewhat 3-lobed at the end, 

 tomentose beneath, lobes equal, mucronate with setaceous awns, middle one 

 longer ; fruit with a flat cup and a depressed-globose acorn. — A tree of rapid 

 growth, 25 — 40f high, in the pine "barrens of N. J. to Flor. 



18. d. HETEROPHYLLA. Pursh. (Q.. Leana. Clark.) 



Lvs. on long petioles, coriaceous, oblong or oblong-ovate, acute or rounded 

 or subcordate at base, margin with a few shallow, tooth-like lobes, or often only 

 wavy or entire ; lobes setaceous-acuminate ; acorn subglobo.se, in a hemispheri- 

 cal cup ; scales of the cup oblong-ovate, obtuse. — Ohio ! I have specimens of the 

 leaves and truit of this remarkable and long lost species from 3Ir. J. Clark, 

 re-discovered in Ohio, by the late Mr. T. G. Lea. The leaves are exceedingly 

 variable, usually 4 — G' by \\ — 2', smooth and shining above, tomentose along 

 the veins beneath, generally broad and abrupt at base. Fruit f diam. 

 * * * Leaves entire. 



19. GL. Phellos. Willov) Oak. 



Lvs. deciduous, linear-lanceolate, tapering to each end, very entire, gla- 

 brous, mucronate at apex ; acor7i subglobose, in shallow cups. — A tree 30 — GOf 

 high, borders of swamps, N. J. to Flor. and Western States. Trunk straight, 

 10 — 20' diam., covered with a smooth, thick bark. The leaves, which bear con- 

 siderable resemblance to those of the willow, are of a light green color, dentate 

 when young, 3 — 5' in length. Acorn J' diam. May. — The timber is of little value. 



20. Q,. iMBRiCARiA. Laurel Oak. Shi7igle Oak. 



Lrs. deciduous, lance-oblong, acute at each end, briefly petiolate, very 

 entire, shining-glabrous above, subpubescent beneath, mucronate at apex; acorn 

 subglobose, in a shallow cup ; scales of the cup broad-ovate. — A beautiful tree, 

 very abundant in the Western States, also common along rivers, Penn. to Ga. 

 Trunk 40 — 50f high, 1 — 2f diam., with a smooth unbroken bark, and a large 

 head of coarse, irregular branches. The leaves are dark green, thick and 

 firm in texture, 3 — 5' by 1 — U', forming a dense, heavy foliage. June. — The 

 timber makes miserable shingles. In Indiana it is called Jack Oak. 



2. CASTANEA. Tourn. 



From Castanea, a town inThessaly, where this tree still grows to magnificent dimensions. 



c?in a long, cyliudric ament : cal. 6-cleft ; sta. 10 — 12. 9 3, within 

 a 4-lobed, densely muricated involucre ; cal. 5 — 6-lobed ; sta. 10 — 12 

 42* 



