Nichols: The vegetation of Connecticut 



243 



occur the sugar maple and others of the trees elsewhere cited as 

 characteristic of the climax forest in this region. The woody 

 undergrowth usually includes Hamamelis virginiana, Kalmia lati- 

 folia, and Viburnum acerijolium, while forms such as Carpinus 



Fig. 3. Primeval forest in Sage's Ravine. Hemlock and yellow birch the 

 common trees. 



caroliniana, Alniis rugosa and Benzoin aestivale, which one ordi- 

 narily associates with swamps, frequently grow along the stream 

 at the bottom. On the whole, ravine forests almost invariably 

 are more mesophytic, and approximate more closely the climax 



