Nichols: The vegetation of Connecticut 239 



Hamden, Woodbridge Glen in Woodbridge, Roaring Brook ravine 

 in Cheshire, Devil's Gulch in Branford, and Ninevah Falls ravine 

 in Killingworth. Most of these are ravines of considerable depth 

 and have a good-sized brook at the bottom. To shallower, less 

 well-developed ravines the remarks naturally may not be equally 

 applicable. 



The Bryophytic Flora of Rock Ravines. — Perhaps the most 

 striking feature of the vegetation near the bottom of a ravine 

 (Fig. 2) is the rich display of mosses and liverworts. In the stream 

 itself, attached to rocks but always submerged, grow various 

 aquatic forms, such as Fontinalis. Other more or less hydrophytic 

 species cover the low-lying, wet and frequently submerged rocks 

 along the margin and in the bed of the stream, mantle the spray- 

 dashed rocks at the foot of waterfalls, and form extensive mats 

 even in rapids and similar precarious situations. The following 

 more or less hydrophytic species may be looked for in such places: 

 Chiloscyphus rivularis Oxyrrhynchium rusciforme 



Scapania undulata Amblystegium fluviatile 



Porella pinnata Amblystegium irriguum 



Fontinalis dalecarlica Hygrohypnum dilatatum 



Fontinalis gigantea Hygrohypnum eugyrium 



Fontinalis Lescurii Hygrohypnum ochraceum 



Growing on periodically inundated rock surfaces, either in the 

 bed of the stream or along its'sides, are such forms as Fissidens 

 incurvus, Grimmia apocarpa, Racomitrium aciculare, and Brachy- 

 thecium plumosum. Along with these, but usually on springy 

 banks or on continuously moist rock surfaces, where they may 

 or may not be submerged during flood time, may occur: 

 Conocephalum conicum Mnium hornum 



Pellia epiphylla Mnium punctatum 



Plagiochila asplenioides Philonotis fontana 



Lophocolea bidentata Thuidium delicatulum 



Jubula pennsylvanica Brachythecium rivulare 



Anthoceros laevis Climacium americanum 



Fissidens adiantoides Catharinaea undtdata 



Higher up on the slopes, numerous species thrive in the crevices 

 or plaster the faces of overhanging cliffs and precipitous rocks. 

 The following are fairly characteristic of wet or moist cliffs: 



