434 George E. Nichols, 



publication ('15), the third of a series of papers on the economic 

 aspects of peat bogs of Canada, Anrep, speaking of the Clyde 

 Peat Bog in Nova Scotia, states (p. 55) that "this is the first 

 'high moor' bog encountered during the last six years of inves- 

 tigation" (a period during which he had studied numerous bogs 

 in Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec). Davis, in discussing the 

 origin of the Maine peat deposits (Bastin & Davis, '09), gives 

 a short description of the manner in which raised bogs are 

 formed and of the relation between "built-up deposits" and 

 "filled-basin deposits." The former, corresponding to the raised 

 bog, appears to be a not infrequent type of swamp along the 

 Maine coast as far south as the vicinity of Portland, and evi- 

 dently it is of quite common occurrence northeastward. On the 

 whole, judging from the data at hand, both published and unpub- 

 lished, it would appear that in eastern North America raised bogs 

 are largely confined to Newfoundland and to those parts of 

 eastern Canada and Maine which are in the proximity of the 

 sea-coast. Their limitation to this region is unquestionably 

 correlated with the character of the climate: the abundant 

 precipitation, relatively low atmospheric humidity, cool summers, 

 and the absence of extreme low winter temperatures such as 

 prevail farther inland. The paucity of literature dealing with 

 raised bogs in this country is doubtless attributable, as Ganong 

 suggests, to their remoteness from botanical centers and their 

 hitherto little appreciated economic value. In Europe, "great 

 bogs occur within easy reach of the botanists of Germany, Swit- 

 zerland, and Scandinavia, and their great economic value has 

 led to their exhaustive study both by individual workers and by 

 government commissions" ('98, p. 131). 



From the brief examination which the author was able to 

 make of the Spruce Lake bog and two neighboring smaller bogs 

 about a dozen miles west of St. John, New Brunswick, it may 

 be stated that the raised bogs of this region, as described by 

 Ganong, are essentially similar to those of northern Cape Breton. 



Occurrence of raised bogs in northern Cape Breton. — In this 

 particular region raised bogs apparently are confined to the 

 plateau, but this is very likely due to edaphic rather than atmos- 

 pheric factors, since in southeastern Cape Breton fine raised bogs 

 occur at but little above sea-level. On the highlands in northern 

 Cape Breton raised bogs are encountered here and there in the 



