Vegetation of Northern Cape Breton. 351 



Equisetttm arvense, Jnnciis articulatus, and Ranunculus Flam- 

 mitla reptans. Above high water mark there is ordinarily a 

 fringe of Myrica Gale (nearest the water) and Alniis incana. 



Muddy shores are developed to some extent in sheltered 

 situations. Here the aquatic vegetation includes most of the 

 species already listed, and in addition Utricularia intermedia and 

 U. vulgaris. Certain other species, mostly amphibious, grow in 



Figure 42.— Fresh pond behind shingle beach, well drained by seepage 

 through barrier; Typha latifolia in left foreground; Barrasois. 



shallow water or on the mucky shore, which is swampy at low 

 water. These latter include: Sphagnum sp., Drepanocladus 

 fluitans, Dulichium arundinaceum, Iris versicolor, Potentilla 

 palustris, Hypericum virginicum, Sium cicutaefolium, and 

 Lysimachia tcrrestris. As along sandy shores, the sweet gale 

 and alder fringe the shore at high water mark. Along sandy 

 shores there is little evidence of succession, but along muddy 

 shores there is a tendency for swamps to develop. 



The association-types of permanent ponds. — Small ponds 

 (Figs. 26. 42) may differ little from lakes in the character of 



