392 



George E. Nichols, 



Shrubs 



Taxus canadensis 

 Corylus rostrata 

 Ribes prostratum 

 Amelanchier sp. 

 Nemopanthus mucronata 



Phegopteris Dryoptcris 

 Phcgopteris polypodioides 

 Pteris aquilina 

 Aspidium spinnlosimi var. 

 Osmimda cinnamomca 

 Osmunda Claytoniana 

 Clintonia horealis 

 Maianthemiim canadense 

 Streptopus roseus 

 Hahenaria obtusata 

 Epipactis sp. 

 Listera cordata 

 Coptis trifolia 

 Mitella nuda 



Except for occasional colonies of the yew, the shrubs and 

 herbaceous vascular plants in the undergrowth seldom fonn 

 dense masses of vegetation. The ground is usually occupied by 

 a continuous but rather open growth of the various species men- 

 tioned above. As on Isle Royale, the most conspicuous element 

 in the herbaceous ground-cover is the bryophyte contingent, 

 whose profuse development here in these coniferous forests is 

 in striking contrast to its paucity in the deciduous climax forests 

 of the lowland. Almost everywhere the ground is overlain by a 

 soft, verdant carpet of Bazsania trilobata, Hypnum Schreberi, 

 and Hylocomium splcndens, with which are associated Dicranum 

 undidatum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, R. triquetrus, Ptilium crista- 

 castrcnsis and species of Sphagnum. In the drier places the 

 hypnum alone may predominate, in moist situations the sphag- 

 nums. Ordinarily all the species mentioned, except perhaps the 

 sphagnums, are well represented. The ecological significance of 



