ANALYSIS OP SUBJECTS. 9 



$7. OF THE NECTARY AND DISK.— 49. 



107, Definition, — a, Nectary — labellum — spur, — 5, Disk — hypogynous— epi- 

 gjmous, — c, true character. 



§ 8. OF -SISTIVATION. — 50. 



108, Definition — vernation, — a, illustration. 1, iEstivation valvate, — 2, Convo- 

 lute,- 3, Quincuncial, — 4, Contorted, — 5, Alternate, — 6, Vexillary, — 7, Indupli- 

 cate, — 8, Supervolute. 



CHAPTEE Vm. — THE FEUIT. — 51. 



109, Its importance — design, — a, utmty, — ^, in respect to time — defined. 110, 

 Analogous to ovary — changes, — a, examples. 



§1. OF THE PERICARP. -52. 



Ill, Fruit consists of, — a, naked seeds. 112, Pericarp defined— epicarp — sar- 

 cocarp, — a, illustration. 113, Physiology of growth, — 114, of ripenmg, — ■«, acidi- 

 fication,—^, maturity. 115, Dehiscence — indehiscent — valves,— 1, Dehiscence 

 loculicidal, — 2, Septicidal, — 3, Septifragal, — 4, Sutural, — 5, Circumscissile. 116, 

 Formsofpericarp.— l, Capsule, -a, ceUs — columella.- 2, Silique.— 3, Silicle.— 

 4, Legume. — 5, Follicle. — 6, Drupe.— 7, Nut. — 8, Carj^opsis. — 9, Achemum.— 

 10, Samara. — 11, Pyxis. — 12, Pome. — 13, Pepo. — 14, Berry — strawberry — black- 

 berry. — 15, Strobile. 



CHAPTER rX. — THE FRUIT. —57. 

 §2. OF THE SEED. 



117, The seed defined, — a, its parts, 118, integuments — testa — mesosperm — 

 cndopleura, — a, Testa, its substance — surface— form — appendages, — ^, Coma 

 distin<ruished. 119, Aril. 120, HUum. 121, Seed orthotropous — anatropous. 122, 

 Albumen — where most abimdant — where wanting. 123, Embryo — 124, its 

 parts, — a, radicle, — h, plumule — its direction. 125, Cotyledon, — a, the number, 

 &c. 126, Monocotyledons — endogens. 127, Dicotyledons — exogens distm 

 guished. 128, Cotyledons many — none. 129, Embryos, number of. — Spores 



§3. OF GERMINATION. — 60. 



130, The embryo, its importance, — a, germination defined, — 131, the process ex 

 plained. 132, The cotyledons. 133, Conditions of germination, — a, heat -- *, 

 water— c, oxygen— ^, darkness. 134, Duration of the vitahty of seeds. Note, 

 Two examples of. 



§4. OF DISSEMINATION. — 61. 



135, Kemark — examples, Erigeron — fl^. Wings, hooks — 5, Impatiens — Streams 

 and oceans — Squirrels, birds. 



CHAPTER X. — THE ROOT. — 62. 



136, Its definition — origin, — fl^, divisions. 137, Prone direction, — iz, horizontal 

 direction. 138, Number and extent. 139, How distinguished from stems. 140, Ex- 

 ceptions— adventitious buds— subterranean stems. 141, Collum — <J, stationary. 

 142, Parts of the root, — a, caudex — i, fibres — c, spongioles. 143, Forms of roots. 

 144, Kamose — a, analogous to branches — illustration, — ^, further illustration,— 

 c, extent of roots. 145, Fusiform root — forked — tap root — premorse — napifoi-m. 

 146, Fibrous, — a, fasciculated. 147, Tuberous, — a, palmate — b, granulated. 14S, 

 Use of fleshy roots. 149, Floating root. 150, Epiphytes — parasites. 



PHYSIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ROOT. -66 



151, Intertial structure. 152, Fibrils, structure — function. 153, Growth of root. 

 l.'>4. Its most obvious function — most important one — o, illustration. 155, Activity 

 of absorption dependent on. 156, Part which absorbs, &c. — «, illustration, — *, 

 transplanting. 157, Force of absorption,— o, illustration. 158, Cause of absorp- 

 tion — not canillarv attraction, — a, experiment in philosophy — exosmose — endos- 

 mose. 159, Requisite conditions, — a, how thev exist in the root, — application. 

 100, Use of absorption, — «, power of choice — illustration. 



