INVOLUCRE, 



95 



nature is certainly obscure. They are subject to the same laws of venation and 

 fonn, perform the same functions, and are sometimes almost undistinguishable 

 from the leaves themselves. They also (veiy rai-ely) develop buds in then* axils. 

 a. When they grow from the stem itself, they may, therefore, be regarded as 

 rudimentary leaves^ but when from the base of the petiole, as is most common, 

 they are the undeveloped leaflets of a pinnate leaf, as in the rose. 



251. When leaves are furnished with stipules they are said 

 to be stipulate, and when without them they are ezstipulate. 

 The stipules which are situated at the base of leaflets are called 

 stipcls. 



FIG. 35. — Stipules, Bracts, &c. 1, a, stipule of grass ; 2, 6, of rose ; 3, c, bract of Tilia ; 

 4, d, of a Campanula ; 5, Sium, a, involucre, c, involucel ; 6, Comus Canadensis, a, colored 

 involucre, c, flowers ; 7, Arum, a spathe, c, spadix. 



252. Bracts, called also floral leaves, are leaf-like append- 

 ages, intermediate between leaves and the floral organs. From 

 leaves they are generally distinguished by their being placed 

 near the flower, their smaller size, their difference in form, and 

 often in color. 



253. That bracts are of the same nature as leaves is perfectly evident, for so 

 ^adual is the transition between tliem that no absolute limits can be assigned. 

 That they have a common origin Avith tlie sepals of the calyx also, is equally eW- 

 dent, — so imperceptibly do the latter pass into bracts; affording one of tlie 

 strongest proofs of the doctrine of floral metamorphosis. 



a. Bracts have received diiTerent names, according to their an-angcment and 

 situation . They constitute an 



251. Involucre, when they are aj-raugcd in a whorl, and sur 

 round several flowers. In the Phlox, and generally, it is green, 

 9 



