SYNOPSIS OF THE NATURAL SYSTEM. 



Sect I. Classes and Subclasses. 



1 Flowering plants (Ph^nogamia). 2 



I Flowerless plants (Cryptogamia). 5 



2 Lvs. net-veined (§ 229, 1). Fls. never wholly trimerous (Exogens). 3 

 2 Lvs. parallel- (rarely net-) veined. Fls. trimerous (Exdogeks). 4 



3 Stigmas present. Sds. enclosed in a pericarp. 6 ANGIOSPERMS. I 



3 Stig. none. Sds. quite naked. (Conifers. CXXXI) GYMNOSPERMS. II 

 4 Sepals and petals verticillate or 0. Glumes 0. 143 AGLUMACE^. Ill 

 4 Sep. and pet. none. Glumes altern. Fr. 1-s'ded. 163 GLUMACEiE. IV 



5 Stems and leaves distinguishable. 164 - - - - ACROGENS. V. 



5 Stems and leaves undistinguishable. 163 - - - THALLOGENS. VI 



6 Petals (or petaloid sepals) distinct. 7 PoIjT)etalae, I 



6 Petals united (at least at their bases). 76 - - - - Mouopetalae. H 

 6 Petals 0. Sepals more or less united or none. 116 - Apetalae. HI 



Sec. II. Orders of the Polypetalous Exogens. 



7 Herbs (164), annual, biennial or perennial, rarely suffruticose at base. - - 8 



7 Shrubs and trees (164). 54 



8 Leaves alternate or all radical. ----- 9 



8 Leaves cauline, opposite, at least the lower ones. -- -------38 



9 Stipules (249) present. 34 



9 Stipules none. ---------- 10 



10 Polyandrous,— stamens (20—200) indefinite. 11 



10 Oligandrous, — stamens (few) definite. 17 



II Stamens (hypogynous) inserted on the receptacle (74, 2c0. 12 



11 Stamens (perigynous) inserted on the calyx or corolla. ------- 16 



12 Ovaries simple; fruit acheniate, folliculate, &c., never capsular. 13 



12 Ovaries united into a compound capsule. 15 



13 Leaves never peltate. Seeds albuminous. Ranunculaceje. 1 



13 Leaves centrally or subcentrally peltate. Aquatic. 14 



14 Sepals and petals definite (2 — 4). Seeds albuminous. - - CABOMBACEiE. VII 

 14 Sepals and petals indefinite, numerous. Albumen 0. - - - Nelumbiace^. VIII 



15 Sepals and petals indefinite, numerous. NYMPH.EACEiE. IX 



15 Sepals and petals 5. Lvs. pitcher- or trumpet-form. - Sarraceniaceje. X 



15 Sepals 2. Juice usually colored. Papaverace^. XI 



16 Sepals and petals 5 — 10. 75 



16 Sepals and petals indefinite and confounded. Cactace.e. LXI 



17 Flowers very irregular. ..--------18 



17 Flowers regular or nearly so. 20 



18 Filaments 6 or 8, united below into one or two sets. 19 



18 Filaments 5, cohering only at top. BALSAMiNACEiE. XXVIII 



18 Filaments 8, distinct. Leaves peltate. TflOPisoLACEiB. XXIX 



18 Filaments 8, distinct. Lvs. bitemate. Vine with tendrils. Sapindaci;>e. XLIV 



19 Leaves much dissected and divided. Fumariace^. XII 



19 Leaves simple, entire. --• Polygalaceje. XVI 



20 Ovaries superior (97), free from the calyx or nearly so. 21 



20 Ovaries inferior, or wholly adherent to the calyx (97). 32 



21 Sepals 2. Fleshy herbs. Portulacace^. XXIV 



21 Sepals 3 or more. - 22 



22 Sta. (hypogynous) inserted on the receptacle or torus. 23 



22 Stamens (perigynous) inserted on the calyx. .--.-31 



23 Sepals, petals and stamens symmetrical (61, c). 24 



23 Sepals, petals and stamens unsymmetrical. Fruit a pod. 29 



24 Carpels solitary, fruit simple, one-celled. Berberidacejb. VI 



21 Carpels 3 — 5, more or less united. ----- 25 



25 licavcs simple. ------ -.----26 



25 Lf'aves compound. ------------27 



26 Ovary and capsule one-celled. Aquatic. DKOsERACKiB. XVIII 



26 0vary and capsules— lO-cclled. LiNACEiB. XXVI 



27 Plants aquatic. Fr. 2— 5 fleshy achenia. Juice acid. Limnanthacejb. XXX 



27 Plants not fKiuatic. --__-. -^28 



28 Leaves palmatrly 3-foliate. Juice acrid. Oxalidacejb. ^^-^^ 



28 Leaves pinnate, with pellucid resinous dots. . - - - Rutacejk. XXXIV 

 29 Flowers cruciform (105, 1). Pods2-carpcled, 2-celled. - Chucifbb*. XIII 



29. Flowers not cruciform. - - - . ^ 



12 



