II. MAGNOLIACE^. • 149 



21. PiEONIA. 

 The physician P<Bon, according to mythology, first used this plant in medicine, and cured Pluto with it. 



Sepals 5, unequal, leafy, persistent ; petals 5 ; stamens 00 (mostly 

 changed to petals by cultivation); ovaries 2 — 5; style 0; stigmas 

 double, persistent ; follicles many-seeded. — % Rt. fasciculate. Lvs, 

 hiiernate. Fls. large^ terminal^ solitary. 



1. P. OFFICINALIS. Common Paony. — St. erect, herbaceous; knoer Zr5. bipin- 

 nately divided ; Ifts. ovate-lanceolate, variously incised ; fr. downy, nearly 

 straight. — The splendid pseony has long been cultivated in every part of Europe 

 and in this country. This species is said to be native of Switzerland. It is a 

 hardy perennial, requiring very little pains for its cultivation. Among its 

 varieties the double red is the most common. The v)hite is truly beautiful. 

 The Jlesh-colored and the pink are also favorites. May, Jn. 



2. P. ALBiFLORA. White-jlowered PcBony. — Lfts. elliptic-lanceolate, acute, 

 entire, smooth ; follicles recurved, smooth. — Native of Tartary. Whole plant 

 dark, shining-green and smooth. Flowers smaller than the last, but truly ele- 

 gant and fragrant. Petals white. Calyx brown, with 3 green, sessile bracts at 

 base. Nine or ten varieties with flowers single and double, white, rose- 

 colored, &c., are now mentioned in the catalogues of American gardeners. 



3. P. ANOMALA. Jagged-leaved Siberian Pceony. — Lft?.. with many lanceo- 

 late segments, smooth- follicles depressed, smooth; cal. bracteolate. — From 

 Siberia. Distinguished by the long, narrow segments of the leaflets. Flowers 

 concave, rose-colored. Follicles usually 5. 



4. P. MouTAN. Chinese Tree Pccony. — St. shrubby, %.\ lfts. oblong-ovate, 

 glaucous and somewhat hairy beneath, terminal one 3-lobed ; ova. 5, distinct, 

 surrounded by the very large disk. — From China. The woody stem branches 

 into a bush 3 — 4f high. Leaves large, on long stalks. Flowers very large, 

 always double in cultivation, fragrant and truly splendid. This plant is re- 

 markable for producing the largest form of disk in the vegetable kingdom. 



5. P. PAPAVERACEA. C/iinese Poppy-Jlowercd Polony. — St. shrubby, % ; lfts. 

 oblong-ovate, glaucous and slightly hairy beneath, terminal one 3-lobed ; ova. 

 about 5, closely united into a globose head. — From China. Resembles the 

 last in foliage, but is remarkably distinguished from all the other species by 

 its united carpels. Flowers white, with a purple centre, often single in culti- 

 vation. Other species and varieties are cultiv^atcd, rarely in this country, 

 amounting to about 150 in all. 



22. NIGELLA. 



Lat. Niger, black ; the color of the seeds, which are used in cooker>'. 



Calyx of 5 sepals, colored ; corolla of 5 3-cleft petals ; styles 5 ; 

 capsules 5, follicular, convex. — ® Kuropean herbs. Lvs. in many line- 

 ar and subulate segments. 



1. N. DAMASCEVA. Fcnncl FloR'er. — Fls. in a leafv involucre; anth. obtuse; 

 carpels 5, smooth, 2-celled, united as far as the ends into an ovoid-globose cap- 

 sule. — Native of S. Europe. A hardy annual of the gardens, to which have 

 been applied the gentle names of " ragged lady," " devil in a bush," (fcc. 

 Leaves twice and tlirice pinnatifid, as finely cut as those of the Fennel. Flowers 

 terminal, solitary, encompassed and over-topped by a circle of leaves divided 

 like the rest. They are olten double, white or pale-blue. Jn. — Sept, 



2. N. SATiVA. Nutmeg Flower. — St. hairy, erect; Jls. naked; anth. obtuse; 

 capsules muricate. — From Egypt, Rather smaller than the last. Jn. — Sept. 



Order II. MAGNOLIACE.^— Magnoliads. 



Trrfu or shrubs. 



I.rx. lilLemnte, rorincpoiw, simple, entire or lobed, never serrate. 



ririp. memliraimi-euii.t. either convolute in the leaf-l)ud, or pliicud face to face. 



Fls. Bolilury, large and Mhovvy, mostly odorous and perfect. 



