244 XLVIll. ROSACEiE. Pyrus. 



small. — Hedges, «fcc., sparingly naturalized. Shrub very branching, 8 — ISr 

 high. Thorns slender, very sharp, axillary, ^' long. Leaves 1 J — ^ long, nearly 

 as wide, lower ones deeply lobed ; petioles ^ — 1' long, with 2 leafy stipules at 

 base. Flowers w'hite. Fruit 3 — 3" diam., purple.— Used for hedges (exten- 

 sively in Europe). There are several varieties. ^ :}: 



6. C. PARviFLORA. Ait. (C. toHienlosa. Michx. Mespilus laciniata. Walt.) 

 TTiorns slender ; Ivs. coriaceous, pubescent, cuneate-obovate, subsessile, in- 



cisely serrate ; _^s. subsolitary; cal. with the pedicels and Irranchlets vil\ous-to- 

 mentose ; sep. laciniate, foliaceous ; stij. 5 ; /r. large, roundish-obovoid, with 5 

 bony, 1-seeded nuts. — Sandy woods, "N. J. and Southern States. A much 

 branched shrub, 4 — 7f high. Leaves 1 — 2' by ^ — j', the upper surface shining 

 and nearly glabrous when old. Fruit greenish-yellow, near i' diam., and eata- 

 ble when ripe. Apr. May. 



7. C. coRDATA. Ait. (C. populifolia. Walt.) Washington Tluyrn. 



Thoi-n glabrous and glandless ; Ivs. cordate-ovate, somewhat deltoid, acu- 

 minate, incisely lobed and serrate, with long and slender petioles; sep. short; 

 sty. 5; fr. small, globose-depressed. — Banks of streams, Va. to Ga., cultivated 

 in the Middle States for hedge-rows. Shrub 15 — 20f high, the branches with 

 very sharp and slender thorns 2 — 3' long. Leaves often deeply 3 — 5-lobed, about 

 2' by li'. Pomes \' diam., numerous, red. Jn. <i^X 



7. PYRUS. 

 Celtic peren; Anglo-Saxon jjers; Ft. poire: 'L&t.pynts; Eng. pear. 



Calyx urceolate, limb 5-cleft; petals 5, roundish ; styles 5 (2 or 3), 

 often united at base ; pome closed, 2 — 5-carpeled, fleshy or baccate ; 

 carpels cartilaginous, 2-seeded. — Trees or shrubs. Lvs. simple or pin- 

 nate. Fls. white or rose-colored^ in cymose corymbs. 



§ Leaves simple. Cyme simple. Styles united at base. 



1. P. coRONARiA. (Malus. Mill.) Crab Apple. Siceet-scented Crab-tree. 

 Lvs. broad-ovate, rounded at base, incisely serrate, often sublobate, smooth- 



ish, on very slender petioles ; pet. unguiculate ; sty. united and wooly at the 

 base; fr. as well as the^Zs. very fragrant, corymbose. — Borders of woods, Mid. 

 West, and South. States. A sinall tree, 10 — 20f high, with spreading branches. 

 Leaves 2 — 3' long, | as wide, resembling those of Cratsegus coccinea ; petioles 

 ^ — V long. Flowers very large, rose-colored, in loose corymbs of 5 — 10. Fruit 

 as large (1 — U' diam.) as a small apple, yellowish, hard and sour, but esteem- 

 ed for preserves. May. -^ 



2. P. ANGUsTiFOLiA. Ait. (Malus. Michx.) ^ 

 Glabrous; Zrs. lance-oblong, acute at base, slightly dentate-serrate, shin- 

 ing above ; sty. distinct ; fr. small. — Penn. and S. States. A tree 15 — 20f high, 

 resembling the last, but with smaller leaves and fruit. Apr. May. 



3. P. Malus. Common Apple T^-ee. — Leaves ovate, or oblong-ovate, serrate, 

 acute or short-acuminate, pubescent above, tomentose beneath, petiolate; co- 

 rymbs subumbellate : pedicels and calyx villose-tomentose ; pet. with short claws ; 

 sly. 5, united and villose at base ; pome globose. — Native in Europe and almost 

 naturalized here. Tree 20 — 25f high (in thickets 25 — 40). Branches rigid, 

 crooked,' spreading. Bark rough and blackish. Leaves 2—3' long, f as wide, 

 petioles ^ — 1' long. Flowers expanding with the leaves, fragrant, large, clothing 

 the tree in their light roseate hue, making ample amends for its roughness and de- 

 fonnity. — The Romans had 22 varieties (Pliny) but the number is now greatly 

 increased. Probably nearly 1000 varieties are cultivated in the U. S. -jfi 



4. P. COMMUNIS. Pear Tree. — Leaves, ovate-lanceolate, subserrate, glabrous 

 above, pubescent beneath, acute or acuminate ; corymbs racemose ; cal. and pe- 

 dicels pubescent; sty. 5, distinct and villose at base; pome pyriform. — Tree 

 usually taller than the apple, 20— 35f high. Bark rough, blacki.sh. Branches 

 ascending. Leaves 2 — 3^' long, | as wide ; petioles 1 — 2' long. Flowers white, 

 small. — Native in Europe, where, in its wild state, the fruit is small and im- 

 palatable. The Romans cultivated 36 varieties (Pliny), but, like the apple, 

 varieties without end are now raised from the seed of this delicious fruit, :j: 



