RuBus. XLVIII. ROSACEtE. 249 



scarcely serrate ; slip, deciduous ; fis. umbellate ; fr. globular, nearly black. — 

 From China. Thornless shrubs, with small, cup-shaped flowers. Not hardy. 

 068.— This beautiful genus includes, according to Seringe, 146 species; but. the varieties produced by 

 cultivation amount to near 2000. 



11. R U B U b. 

 Celtic nib, red ; the color of the fruit of some species. 



Calyx spreading, 5-parted ; petals 5, deciduous ; stamens 00, in- 

 serted into the border of the disk ; ovaries many, with 2 ovules, one of 

 them abortive ; achenia pulpy, drupaceous, aggregated into a compound 

 berry ; radicle superior. — '% Half shrubby plants. Stems usually (g), and 

 armed with prickles. Infiorescence imperfectly centrifugal. Fr. esculent. 

 § Fruit inseparable from the juicy ^ deciduous receptacle. Blackberries. 



1. R. viLLo.sus. Ait. High Blackberry. 



Pubescent, viscid and prickly; st. angular; Ifts. 3—5, ovate, acuminate, 

 serrate, hairy both sides ; petioles prickly ; cal. acuminate, shorter than the petals ; 

 roc. loose, leafless, about 20-flowered. — A well known, thorny shrub, Can. and 

 U. S. Stems tall and slender, branching, recurved at top, 3 — 6f high. Leaflets 

 2§ — i' by U — 2^', terminal one on a long petiolule, the others on short ones or 

 none. Pedicels slender, V long. Petals white, obovate or oblong, obtuse. 

 Fruit consistin^^jg' about 20 roundish, shining, black, fleshy carpels, closely col- 

 lected into an ovate or oblong head, subacid, well-flavored, ripe in Aug. and Sept. 

 ^. frondosits. Torr. (R. frondosus. Bw.) — Lfts. incisely serrate; roc. with a 

 few simple leaves or leafy bracts at base ; Jis. about 10 in each cluster, the ter- 

 minal one opening first, as in all the .species, the lowest next, and the highest 

 but one last. Fruit more acid and with fewer carpels. 



2. R. HisPiDus. (R. sempervirens. Bio.) Bristly Blackberry. 



St. slender, reclining or prostrate, hispid with retrorse bristles ; Ivs. 3-foliate, 

 rarely quinate, smooth and green both sides ; lfts. coarsely serrate, obovate, 

 mostly obtuse, subcoriaceous ; ped. corjTnbose, many-flowered, with filiform 

 pedicels and short bracts ; Jls. and /;-. small.— In damp woods. Can. to Car. 

 Stems slender, trailing several feet, with suberect branches 8—12' high. Leaflets 

 1—2' long, i as wide, nearly sessile, persistent through the winter, on a (1 — 3') 

 long, common petiole. Flowers Avhite. Fruit dusky-purple, sour. May, Jn. 



$. setosus. T. & G. (R. setosus. Bw.)—Lfls. oblanceolate, rather narrow, 

 lj^_2^' long, tapering, and (like the variety a) entire at base, sharply serrate 

 above. Fruit red. 



3. R. Canadensis. (R. trivialis. Ph.) Low Blackberry. Dewberry. 



St. procumbent or trailing, subaculeate; lis. 3-lbliate, rarely quinate ; lfts. 

 elliptical or rhomboid-oval, acute, thin, unequally cut-serrate; pedicels solitary, 

 elongated, somewhat corymbed ; //•. large, black.— Common in dry, stony fields, 

 Can. to Va., trailing several yards upon the ground. Leaflets light green and 

 membranaceous, nearly .sessile, 1— U' long, i as wide, common petioles 1—2' 

 long, pubescent or a little prickly. Flowers large, on slender pedicels. Petals 

 obovate, white, twice as long as the calyx. Fruit i— 1' diam., very sweet and 

 juicy, in July and Aug. Fl. May. 



4. R. clnkifoi.ius. Ph. Wedge-leaved Blackberry. 



St. erect, shrubby, armed with recurved prickles; Ivs. 3-foliate, and with 

 the young branches and petioles pubescent beneath ; lfts. cuneate-obovate. en- 

 tire at base, dentate above, subplioate, tumentuse beneath ; rac. loose, few-flow- 

 ered.— A low shrub, 2— 3f high, in sandy woods, Long Island, Turrcy, to Flor. 

 Petioles oltcn prickly. Leaflets rarely 5, 1—2' long, i as wide, obtuse, or with 

 a short acumination. Petals white or roseate, 3 limes as long as the calyx. 

 Fruit black, juicy, well-flavored, ripe in Jl. Aug. Fl. May. Jn. 

 § § Fruit concave beneath, separating from the dry, conical, persistent 

 receptacle. Raspberries. 

 • Leaves simpk. 



5. R. ODORATis. Rose-pnrering Raspberry. MuU)crry. 



St. erect or reclining, unarmed, glandular-pilo.se; /r5. palmately 3^— 5-lobcd. 



