CYNAnA. LXXV. COMPOSITiE. 355 



C. TiNCTORius, Common Saffron. — St. smooth ; Ivs. ovate-lanceolate, sessile, 

 spinose-denticulate. — ® Native of Egypt, but long cultivated in other lands on 

 account of its orange-colored flowers. Stem branching, striate, 1 — 2f high. 

 Leaves subamplexicaul, smooth and shining. Heads large, terminal, with nu- 

 merous long and slender flowers. The latter are useful in coloring, and as a 

 nursery medicine. July. 



65. XERANTHEMUM. 



Gr. ^ripos, dry, av5oj; on account of its dry, imperishable flowers. 



Heads discoid ; involucre hemispherical, with radiant; colored, 

 opaque, scarious scales ; receptacle paleaceous ; pappus paleo-setace- 

 ous. — (i) Native of S. Europe. 



X. ANNUUM. Willd. Eternal Flov^er. — ^S"^. erect, branched ; Ivs. oblong-lan- 

 ceolate, obtusish, alternate, entire ; hds. large, terminal, solitary ; scales of the 

 involucre obtuse, scarious, inner ones of the ray spreading, lanceolate, obtuse. — 

 A singularly beautiful plant, half hardy, of easy culture. Stem 2 — 3f high. 

 The radiant involucre scales are of a rich purple, but there are varieties with 

 red, white, blue and yellow rays. The splendid flowers retain their beauty 

 through the winter, 



66. C NIC US. Vaill. 



Gr. KVt^o}, to prick; well applied to these herbs. 



Heads discoid ; involucre ventricose, imbricate with doubly spi- 

 nous scales ; ray-flowers sterile ; receptacle very hairy ; pappus in 3 

 series, the outer 10-toothed, the 2 inner each 10-bristled. — Oriental 

 herbs. 



C. BENEDiCTUs. Blesscd Thistle. — Lvs. somewhat decurrent; dentate and 

 spiny ; invol. doubly spinous, woolly, bracteate. — Native of Persia, Tauria 

 and Greece. About 2f high, with yellow flowers. Sparingly naturalized. 

 June. — It was formerly in great estimation in medicine, but is now considered 

 worthless. :|: 



67. ONOPERDON. Vaill. 



Gr. ovos, and nepScJ, the application to the present noble genus is not obvious. 



Heads discoid, homogamous ; involucre ventricose, imbricate with 

 spreading, spinous scales ; receptacle deeply alveolate ; pappus copi- 

 ous, capillary, scabrous ; achenia 4-angled. — Large, branching herbs^ 

 with decurrent leaves. 



0. ACANTHiuM. Cottoti Thistlc. 



Invol. scales spreading, subulate; lvs. ovate-oblong, decurrent, sinuate, 

 spinous, woolly on both sides. — (g) This fine looking thistle occurs naturalized 

 in waste grounds, and is about 3f in height. The whole plant has a white, 

 cottony appearance. Stem winged by the decurrent leaves, which are unusuaDy 

 large. Involucre round, cottony, spinous. Flowers purple, July, Aug. 



68. CYNARA. 



Gr. KV(t)u, a dog ; the stiff, hard spines of the invol. resemble a dog's teeth. 



Heads discoid, homogamous ; involucre dilated, imbricate, scales 

 fleshy, emarginate, pointed ; receptacle setaceous ; pappus plumose ; 

 achenia not beaked. — Natives of the Old World. 



1. C, Scoi.YMUs, Garden Ar(ich4)ke. 



Z/^s. .subspinose, pinnate and undivided; invol. scales ovate. — % Native 

 of S. Europe, naturalized in gardens and cultivated grounds. A well known 

 garden esculent. The parts used arc the receptacle, the lower part of the in- 

 volucre and tlic upper portion of the stalk. It is cultivated from suckers placed 

 in rows. 3 feet apart. Aug. Sept. ^ X 



2. C. CARDtNCULus, Cavdoon. — Z/W, spiny, all pinnatifid ; invol. scales 

 ovate.— 7|. Native of Canada. Flowers purple. This plant is blanched by 



