358 LXXV. COMPOSITE. Catananche; 



K. ViRGiNicA. Willd. (Hyoseris. Mx. Cynthia. Beck.) Dwarf Dandelion. 



Scape 1-flowered; Ivs. lanceolate, lyrate, smooth ; invol. smooth. — (J) This 

 little plant is found on sand}- hills an'd by roadsides, Can. to La. Scapes 1 — 

 several, smooth, slender, 1 — 8' high. After flowering it becomes longer than 

 the leaves. The primary leaves are roundish, entire ; the rest irregularly lyrate. 

 Scales of the involucre 10 — 15, linear-lanceolate, arranged in a somewhat sim- 

 ple series. Corollas yellow. Ach. turbinate, scabrous, reddish-brown. May — Jl, 



73. CYNTHIA. Don. 



One of the names of Diana ; its application to this genus is not obvious. 



Involucre nearly simple, of equal, narrow scales ; receptacle flat, 

 alveolate ; pappus double, the outer minute, scaly ; inner copious, 

 capillary ; achenia short. — % Lvs. alternate or all radical. Hds. with 

 15 — 20 yellow jioivers. 



C. ViRGiNicA. Don. (Tragopogon. Linn. Krigia amplexicaulis. Nutt.) 

 St. mostly simple, scape-like ; ra^zcaZ Zrs. sublyrate or pinnatifid, on short, 

 winged petioles ; cauline ones lanceolate, amplexicaul, entire. — In barrens and 

 dry soils, Western N. Y. to 111. ! &c. The plant is smooth and glaucous. Stem 

 1 — 2f high, often dichotomously divided, with 1—2 clasping leaves at the forks. 

 Radical leaves 3 — b' long, sometimes nearly entire. Heads terminal on the 

 bracteate and subumbellate peduncles, with deep yellow flowers. Scales united 

 at base in a somewhat double series. May — July. 



74. LEONTODON. 



Gr. Xccov, a lion, o6ovs^ a tooth; in reference to the deeply toothed leaves. 



Involucre imbricate, the outer scales very short ; receptacle na- 

 ked ; pappus plumose, persistent on the somewhat rostrate achenia. — 

 Acaulescent herbs, ivith white fls. many in a head. 



L. AUTUMNALis. (Apargia. Willd.) Autumnal HawJcwced. 



Scape branching ; ped. scaly ; Irs. lanceolate, dentate-pinnatifid, smoothish. 

 — A European plant, naturalized and common in the eastern parts of N. Eng- 

 land, growing in grass-lands and by roadsides. The flower resembles those of 

 the dandelion (Taraxacum). Root large, abrupt. Scape round, striate, hol- 

 low, decumbent at base, 6 — 18' high, with a few branches and scattered scales. 

 Leaves all radical, spreading, 6' long, with deep, round sinuses, and covered 

 with remote hairs. Heads 1' diam. yellow, appearing from July to Nov. § 



75. TRAGOPOGON. 



Gt. rpayog, a goat, Trajywj/, beard -^ in allusion to the tawny, showy pappus. 



Involucre simple, of many leaves ; receptacle naked : pappus plu- 

 mose ; achenia longitudinally striate, contracted into a long, filiform 

 beak. — (S) European herbs, with long, linear, grass-like lvs. 



T. PORRiFOLius. Salsify. Vegetable Oyster. — Invol. much longer than the corol- 

 la ; lvs. long, linear, undivided, straight ; ped. thickened upwards. Stem 3 — 4f 

 high. Flowers terminal, solitary, large, bluish-purple. This exotic is cultivated 

 in gardens for the root, which is long, tapering and nutritious. When properly 

 prepared it has a mild, sweetish taste, which has been compared to that of the 

 oyster. X 



76. CATANANCHE. 



Gr. Kara, avayKT], from necessity, it must necessarilt/ he admiied 0). 



Involucre imbricated, scarious ; receptacle paleaceous ; pappus pale- 

 aceous, 5-leaved; paleaB awned. — ® Oriental herbs, with alternate, 

 lanceolate lvs. 



C. ccERULEA.— Lr.s. linear and lanceolate, villous, somewhat bipinnatifid at 

 base ; loiccr scales of the involucre ovate, mucronate. — From S. Europe. A hand- 

 some annual, 2— 3f high. Heads solitary, on long peduncles with blue, spread- 

 ing, ligulate corollas toothed at apex. Jl. — Sept. t 



