348 LXXV. COMPOSITE. Cacalia. 



Peduncles more or less thickened upwards. Scales linear, acute, purplish at 

 apex. Rays 4 — 5" long, spreading. May — Aug. 



/?. BaUamitcB. (S. Balsamitae. MiM.) St. villous at base ; Ivs. few, small 

 and distant, pubescent, radical ones oblong-lanceolate ; ped. villous at base. 

 Rocky hills and pastures. 



y. gracilis. (S. gracilis. Ph.) Radical Ivs. orbicular, on long petioles, cau- 

 liiie lew, linear-oblong, incisely dentate ; ped. short, pilose, with small, few- 

 ra)^ed heads. — A slender state of the species, on rocky shores. 



«5. oboxatus. (S. obovatus. WiUd.) Radical Ivs. obovate ; ped. elongated. — 

 Meadows, &c. 



c. lanceolatus. Oakes. Radical Ivs. lanceolate, acute, cauline lanceolate, pin- 

 natifid at base. — Shady swamps, Vt. Robhins. 



3. S. psEUDO-ELEGANs. DC. (S. elcgaus. Linn.) Purple Jacobcsa. — L/vs. 

 equal, pinnatifid, pilose-viscid, spreading ; ped. somewhat scaly ; invol. calyc- 

 ulate with leafy scales ; scales mostly withered at the tips. — Native of the Cape 

 of Good Hope. A beautiful plant in cultivation. Flowers of the disk yellow, 

 of the rays of a most brilliant purple. A variety has double flowers, with colors 

 equally brilliant. Another variety has white flowers. Jn. — Aug. f 



Section 3. Heads discoid. 



50. HYMENOPAPPUS. L'Her, 

 Gr. vjisp, a membrane, jraTTTToj, pappus ; from the character. 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all 5, tubular; scales 6 — 12, in 2 

 series, oval, obtuse, membranaceous, colored ; receptacle small, naked ; 

 antbers exserted ; acbenia broad at the summit, attenuate to the 

 base ; pappus of many short, obtuse, membranaceous scales in one se- 

 ries. — @ or % North American., villose herbs. Si. grooved and angled. 

 Lvs. alternate^ pinnately divided. 



H. scABios^us, L'Her. 



Hoary-villose, or nearly glabrous ; lr)S. pinnately or bipinnately parted, 

 segments linear or oblong, entire or sparingly toothed ; hds. collected in simple 

 cor}Tiibs ; scales of the invol. ohovate, 1 — 11, white, greenish at base, undulate 

 on the margin, longer than the disk ; cor. deeply lobed ; ach. pubescent. — 111. 

 Mead! and Southern States. Stem 1 — 2f high, whitish with soft cotton when 

 )'oung, at length purplish and glabrous. Segments 1 — 1^' by 1 — 2", rather 

 acute. Heads whitish, about 21-flowered. (Apr. May. T. tf G. Aug. Mead.) 



51. CACALIA. 



An ancient Gr. name of an uncertain plant. 



Flowers all $ ; involucre cylindric, oblong, often calyculate with 

 small scales at the base ; receptacle not chaffy ; pappus capillary, 

 scabrous. — Mostly %. Smooth. Lvs. alternate. Hds. offis. corymbed. 

 mostly cyanic. 



1. C. suAVEOLENS. Wild Cciraway. 



Glabrous ; st. striate-angular ; lvs. petiolate, hastate-sagittate, serrate, 

 smooth, green on both sides; /5. corvmbed, erect; niroZ. many-flowered. — % 

 Western N. Y. to Conn., Rabbins ! to Ga. ! and 111. Stems 4— ^f high, striate, 

 leafy. Radical leaves on long stalks, pointed; cauline ones on winged stalks. 

 Flowers whitish, in- a terminal, compound corymb. Scales and peduncles 

 smooth, with setaceous bracts beneath the involucre, and beneath the divisions 

 of the peduncles. Aug. — Resembles a Nabalus. 



2. C. ATRiPLiciFOLiA. Ovache-leoA-ed Caraway. 



St. herbaceous ; lvs. petiolate, smooth, glaucous beneath, radical ones cor- 

 date, dentate, cauline ones rhomboid, sub-bidentate on each side ; fls. corymbed, 

 erect ; invol. 5-flowered. — N. Y. to Ga. and 111. ! Stem 3 — 5f high, round, 

 leafy, subramose. Leaves alternate, the lower ones as large as the hand, with 

 large, unequal teeth. Heads of flowers .small, ovoid-cylindric, whitish, loosely 

 rorymbo<5e at the tops of the branches. Jl. — Sept. 



