428 XCIII. LABIATE. Ballota. 



1. S. ASPERA. Michx. (S. hispida PA ?) Hedge Nettle. Wound-wart. 



St. erect, the angles retrorsely hispid or rough ; Ivs. subpetiolate, oblong- 

 lanceolate, acutely serrate, smooth or nearly so ; verticils of the spike about 6- 

 flowered ; i^al. smoothish, with spreading teeth, at length spinescent.— ^ Fields 

 and roadsides. About a foot high and rather slender. Stem erect, square, 

 generally hispid backward on the angles, sometimes nearly smooth. Leaves 

 smooth, membranaceous, generally rounded at base and acute at apex. Spike 

 terminal, leafy, composed of verticils, each with 4—8 pale purple flowers. 

 Variable in pubescence. July. 



2. S. sYLVATicA. (S. aspera. Muhl. (^ Bio. S. hispida. Nutt.) Wood Sta- 

 chys. — St. very hispid on the angles ; Ivs. on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, 



sometimes cordate at base, acuminate, crenate-serrate, hirsute ; verticils 2 — 6 

 flowered ; floral Ivs. very small, lanceolate-linear, hispid-ciliate ; cal. hirsute, 

 with ciliate, spinescent teeth. — % A very rough and hairy herb, in low woods 

 and on shady banks. Stem erect, 12—18' high. Leaves 3—4' long and \ as 

 wide, with rounded or uncinate serratures, the upper surface with short, bristly 

 hairs. Petioles — i' long, and with the veins beneath, hispid. Spike long, 

 slender, terminal, very rough and haiiy. Corolla exserted, purple, spotted. 

 July., Aug. 



3. S. HYssopiFOLiA. Michx. (S. palustris. Walt.') 



St. scarcely pubescent, slender, erect ; Ivs. sessile, linear-lanceolate, 

 slightly dentate ; verticils about 4-flowered ; cal. subspinescent. — % A slender 

 species 6—12' high, in meadows, N. Y. and Ms., rare, West to la. where it is 

 frequent ! Leaves very narrow, often linear, 2 — 3' by 4 — 10", with minute teeth 

 or finely serrulate. Flowers sessile. Corolla a little hairy, purple. July. A 

 smoother and elegant plant compared with the last, 



4. S. INTERMEDIA, Ait, 



5*^, somewhat villose; Ivs. oblong, subcordate, crenate; verticils many- 

 flowered; cal. somewhat spinescent, — 111, Jn., Jl, 



32, MARRUBIUM. 

 Calyx tubular, 5 — lO-ribbed, with 5 or 10 subequal teeth; cor. 

 bilabiate, upper lip erect, flattish or concave, entire or bifid, lower lip 

 spreading, 3-lobed, middle lobe broadest, emarginate, tube included ; 

 sta. included beneath the upper lip, 



M, vuLGARE. Hoarhound. 



St. ascending, hoary-pubescent ; Ivs. roundish-ovate, crenate-dentate, 

 downy-canescent beneath; cal. of 10 setaceous, uncinate teeth. — %. Introduced 

 into fields and roadsides. Stem 1— 2f high, branching at base, or several 

 from the same root, covered with a white, downy pubescence. Leaves petio- 

 late, 1 — 2' in diameter, whitish and rough-veined above, very woolly beneath, 

 rounded and toothed. Flowers white, in sessile, axillary, dense, hairy verti- 

 cils. Calyx woolly, the teeth spreading and alternately shorter. The hoar- 

 hound is an aromatic and bitter herb, well known as an ingredient in cough 

 candy. It is tonic and diuretic, and much used in pulmonary afiections. | 



33. ballota: 



Gr. /SaXXw, to reject ; on account of its offensive odor. 



Calyx hypocrateriform, 10-ribbed, 5-toothed ; cor. bilabiate, tube 

 cylindrical, as long as the calyx, upper lip concave, crenate, lower 

 lip 3-cleft, middle segment largest, emarginate ; ach. ovoid-triangular. 



B. NIGRA. Black or Fcetid Hoarhound. 



Lvs. ovate, subcordate, undivided, serrate ; cal. somewhat truncate, throat 

 dilated, teeth spreading, acuminate, — % Said to have been introduced, but is 

 frequently met with about hedges, &c,, in Ms, and Conn, Stem 2— 3f high, 

 pubescent as well as the opposite, broad leaves. Flowers purple or white, in 

 axillary verticils. This plant has the general appearance of hoarhound (Mar- 

 rubirnn) but not its fragrance. July. 



