auERCus. CXXIV. CUPULIFER^. 493 



ship-building, in coopering, in carriage-making, in ploughs, mills, &c. The 

 bark is useful in tanning, and in medicine. May. 



2. CI. MACROCARPA. Ovcrciip White Oak. 



Lvs. tomentose beneath, deeply and lyrately sinuate-lobed (most deeply 

 in the middle), lobes obtuse, repand, upper ones dilated ; cujnde deep, with the 

 upper scales setose ; acorn ovate, turgid. — Most common in the Western States ! 

 frequenting limestone hills, but is occasionally met with in N. Eng. and N. Y. 

 It is 60 — 70f in height, clothing itself with dark green, luxuriant foliage. Leaves 

 10 — 15' long, being larger than those of any other species here described. The 

 acorns are also of extraordinary size, enclosed f of their length in the cup which 

 is usually bordered with hair-like filaments. May. 



3. CI. .sTEr.LATA. (d. obtusiloba. Michx.) Iron Oak. 



Lvs. deeply sinuate, cuneiform at the base, pubescent beneath, lobes very 

 obtuse, the 3 upper ones dilated, 2-lobed ; cal. hemispherical ; acorn oval. — The 

 iron oak, called also post oak, box white oak, turkey oak, d^c, is common in the 

 Western! Middle and Southern States, rare in N."Eng. It is a tree of moder- 

 ate size, wiih widely spreading and very crooked branches. The bark is gre)'- 

 ish-white. Leaves thick, strongly tomentose beneath, in 4 or 5 lobes which are 

 sometimes so arranged as to appear cruciform or stellate. Acorns very sAveet. 

 The timber is finer grained, stronger and more durable than white oak, hence 

 it is useful for posts, staves, carriages, &c. The crooked branches afford knees 

 for ship-building. 



4. CI. oi,iv;eformis. Mossy-cup Oak. 



Lvs. oblong, smooth, glaucous beneath, deeply and unequally sinuate-pin- 

 natifid ; cup. deeply bowl-shaped, fringed on the edge ; acorn oval-ovate. — This 

 species of oak is confined to a few districts of N. Y. and Penn. It is a large 

 and majestic tree, chiefly remarkable lor its smaller branches always inclining 

 downwards. The leaves are so irregularly cut and lobed that scarcely two can 

 be Ibund alike. May. 



* * Leaves dentate, not lobed. 



5. CI. PRiNUs. Willd. (CI. Prinus palustris. Michx.) Swamp Chestnut Oak. 



Lvs. on long petioles, obovate, acute, pubescent beneath, with coarse, un- 

 equal, dilated teeth, callous at the tip; cup deep, attenuate at base; acorn ovate. 

 — This oak is seldom met with in N. England, but abounds in the rest of the 

 U. S. It is one of the loftiest trees of the forest, arising to the height of 50f 

 •with its undivided, straight and uniform trunk, and thence with its expansive 

 top to the height ot 80— 90f Flowers appear in May, succeeded by large and 

 sweet acorns. The timber is valuable in the arts, and makes excellent fuel. 



6. CI. Bicoi.oR. Willd. (CI. Prinus discolor. Michx.) Swaynp White Oak. 

 Lis. oblong-ovate, downy, white underneath, coarsely toothed, entire at 



the base, the teeth unequal, dilated, rather acute, callous at the lip; petioles 

 short; fr. on long peduncles, in pairs, cup hemispherical, acorn oblong-ovate. — 

 The swamp oak isdiffused throughout most of the U. S., growing in low, swampy 

 woods. It is a beautiful tree, attaining in favorable situations the height of 70f. 

 Foliage rich and luxuriant, leaves .smooth and green above and white doAvny 

 beneath, 5—7' by 2i — 4'. The trunk is covered with a grayish-white bark 

 which divides into large, flat scales. It affords excellent fuel and timber. 



7. C. MONTANA. Willd. (a. Prinus monticola. Mx.) Mountain Oak. 

 Lvs. broad-ovate, oblong, white downv beneath, shining above, coarsely 



toothed, obtuse and unequal at the base; teeth oltusc (or rarely acu'e !) sub- 

 equal ; fr. in pairs, on short peduncles, cup hemispherical, with rugose and 

 tubercular scales, acorn ovate. This oak, sometimes called rock chestnut oak, 

 is native of the Northern and Middle States, growing in woods and mountain 

 sides. Its height seldom exceeds 60f, and is generally much less. In open 

 situations its top spreads widely and symmetrically. The petiole is yellow, 

 rather short. Timber valuable in ship-building, &e. 



8. a. CASTANRA. Willd. (a. Prinus acuminata. Michx.) Yellow Oak. 

 Chestnut Oak.— Lvs. on long petioles, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at base, 



acuminate, downy beneath, with coarse, subequal. dilated, obtuse teeth; cup 



