Castan^a. CXXIV. CUPULIFERiE. 495 



Bark blackish and deeply farrowed. Wood coarse-grained, reddish and porous. 

 Lobes of the leaves often not at all falcate in the smaller trees but always 

 clothed with a thick tomentum beneath. Acorns small, round, on peduncles 

 1 — 2" in length. May. — The bark is highly esteemed in tanning. 

 * * Leaves dentate or slightly lobed. 



15. Q,. iLiciFOLiA. Willd. (Gl. Bannisteri. Michx.) Shrub or Scrub Oak. 

 Bear Oak: — Lvs. on long petioles, obovate-cuneate, 3 — 5-lobed, entire on 



the margin, whitish-downy beneath ; cup subturbinate ; acorii subglobose. — A 

 shrub, common throughout the U. S., growing only on gravely hills and barrens 

 which it occupies exclusively in large tracts. Stem 3 — 4f high, divided into 

 numerous, straggling branches. Acorns small and abundant, and said to be 

 greedily eaten by bears, deer and swine. May. 



16. CI. NIGRA. Willd. (CI. ferruginea. Mlchx.) Barren-Oak. Black- Jack. 

 Iron Oak. — Lvs. coriaceous, cuneiform, obtuse or subcordate at base, 3- 



lobed at apex, lobes nearly equal, entire or retuse, mucronate when young, at 

 length wholly awnless, smooth and shining above, ferruginous-pulverulent be- 

 neath, villose in the axils of the veins; fr. with a turbinate cup and roundish 

 ovoid acorn ; scales of the cup obtuse, scarious. — A small, gnarled tree, with dark, 

 massy foliage, in sandy soils, N. J, to 111. ! and S. States. Trunk 20— 30f high, 

 with a thick, black, broken bark. The leaves are very firm in texture, 3 — 5' 

 by 2| — 4', broadest near the apex, middle lobe scarcely as wide and but little 

 longer than the other two. Petioles 3 — 6" long. May. — The wood is very 

 valuable for fuel, 



17. CI. TRILOBA, Downy Black Oak. 



Lvs. oblong-cuneiform, acute at the base, somewhat 3-lobed at the end, 

 tomentose beneath, lobes equal, mucronate with setaceous awns, middle one 

 longer ; fruit with a flat cup and a depressed-globose acorn. — A tree of rapid 

 growth. 25 — 40f high, in the pine barrens of N. J. to Flor. 



18. CI. HETEROPHYLLA. Pursh. (d. Lcana. Clark.) 



Lvs. on long petioles, coriaceous, oblong or oblong-ovate, acute or rounded 

 or subcordate at base, margin with a few shallow, tooth-like lobes, or often only 

 wavy or entire ; lobes setaceous-acuminate ; acorn subglobose, in a hemispheri- 

 cal cup ; scales of the cup oblong-ovate, obtuse. — Ohio ! I have specimens of the 

 leaves and fruit of this remarkable and long lost species from Mr. J. Clark, 

 re-discovered in Ohio, by the late Mr. T. G. Lea. The leaves are exceedingly 

 variable, usually 4 — G' by 1^ — 2', smooth and shining above, tomentose along 

 the veins beneath, generally broad and abrupt at base. Fruit i' diam, 

 * * * Leaves entire. 



19. a. Phello.s. Willow Oak. 



Lvs. deciduous, linear-lanceolate, tapering to each end, very entire, gla- 

 i)rous, mucronate at apex; acorn subglobose, in shallow cups. — A tree 30 — 60f 

 high, borders of swamps, N. J. to Flor. and Western States. Trunk straight, 

 10 — 20' diam., covered with a smooth, thick bark. The leaves, which bear con- 

 siderable resemblance to those of the willow, are of a light green color, dentate 

 when young, 3 — 5' in length. Acorn \' diam. May. — The tiniber is of little value. 



20. CI. i.MBRiCARiA. Laurel Oak. Shingle Oak. 



Lvs. deciduous, lance-oblong, acute at each end, briefly petiolate, very 

 entire, shining-glabrous above, subpubescent beneath, mucronate at apex; acorn 

 subglobose, in a shallow cup; scales of the cup broad-ovate. — A beautiful tree, 

 very abundant in the Western States, also common along rivers, Penn. to Ga. 

 Trunk 40— 50f high, I— 2f diam., with a smooth unbroken bark, and a large 

 head of coarse, irregular branches. The leaves are dark green, thick and 

 firm in texture, 3—5' by 1 — 1 J', forming a dense, heavy Ibliage. June. — The 

 timber makes mi.serablc .shingles. In Indiana it is called Jack Oak. 



2. C AST AN E A. Tourn. 

 From Caatanea. a town in Thessaly, where ihi.s tree Hiill growH to mo^ificent dimensions. 



c?in a long, cylindric anient ; cal. 6-cleft; sta. 10 — 12. 9 3, within 

 a 4-lobcd, densely muricated involucre ; cal. 5 — 6-lobed ; sta. 10 — 12 

 42* 



