DATA AND NOTES. 283 



The Proto-Samoan saut rests upon protected forms in Samoa, Tonga, and 

 Maori. The stem saum in the same sense is preserved in Niue, Tahiti, 

 and Maori. I can find no evidence of the interchange of t and m except 

 the apparent instance in 2 17, which, as there shown, is susceptible of a far 

 simpler explanation. 



The Viti sasau is a dialect form, the Bau using tengu and mbite, but with 

 sau appearing in Efate it is not necessary to consider sasau a recent acqui- 

 sition from the Tongan. 



The Malagasy and Arabic might better be offered as homogenetic with 

 dew itself than with saum and satit. 



235- 

 sau fi, to scoop or shave the surface off water; to cut or shave off the sur- 

 face of wood ; sau- baba, an adze, to strip off, to peel off (as clothes) . 

 Samoa: sasau, a large axe; saupapa, saupapa, to cut off the outer 

 part of a log of wood to make it level and even ; saujono, to cut 

 planks for a canoe ; sautasi, one wide plank of a canoe. Tonga : 

 hahau, to adze, to chip logs of wood square. Maori: hau, 

 hauhau, hahau, to hew, to chop. Tahiti: hauhau, to take off 

 the first chips in hollowing a tree. Hawaii : hahau, to hew stones. 

 Viti: sautha, to cut (as bamboos, reeds), to break a coconut for 



drinking (by cracking off a piece at the tip). 

 Malagasy: sauka, saufina, to scoop out (of water), to draw water. 

 Hebrew : s'a'ab, to draw water. The primary idea lies in the raking 

 off the surface, sahaf, to sweep, to scrape off, hasaf, to strip off. 

 Arabic: sahaf a, to scrape, peel or rub off, to shave. 

 My recognition of a Proto-Samoan sauf is based upon the Efate, for our 

 Polynesian is scanty and affords us no protected forms from which the stem 

 might be revealed. I recognize that this stem does not seem to apply to 

 the Viti, but that is in sense a doubtful identification. 



The first of Dr. Macdonald's definitions of saufi is a treasure; it surely 

 was first drafted by one of the Danaids in her aquatic employment. The 

 reason for its presence in the Efate dictionary will, of course, be found in 

 the Semitic suggestion. The true signification is to hew with the adze, 

 and it is only in the Maori that this sense is not made to appear in the 

 definition. This stamps the Viti identification as inconsistent. 



The Malagasy has not the Polynesian sense, but it does accord with the 

 Efate scooping of water. 



236. 

 tau-ngi, to grasp firmly with the hand, to pluck off with the hand (as fruit). 

 Samoa: tau, to pluck fruit with the hand; tau, to press out (as 

 juice), to milk. Tonga : tau, to squeeze or wring out. Futuna : 

 tau, ta-tau, to squeeze, to express. Niue: tau, to gather 

 gardenias; tatau, to wring, to strain, to press out. Uvea: 

 tatau, to press; taui, to pluck. Maori: tatau, to squeeze, to 

 express juice. Fotuna: ko-tauia, to wring, to express. 

 Viti: taura, to take hold of. 



Malay: sambut, to lay hold of. Malagasy: sambutra, id. 

 Hebrew: sabat, to grasp, to lay hold of firmly, to seize, to pluck. 

 Arabic: s'abata, s'abat'a, id. 



