DATA AND NOTES. 243 



tively are just such philology as the islanders invent for the student who 

 attempts to go under the surface of their speech. It is of a piece with the 

 Samoan etymology of tangata man from ta to strike and ngata snake, with 

 Genesis iii, 15, cited as decisive. We now reduce the word to sinaka food 

 in a verbal use as shown by verb-formative *, and unga, the particular sense 

 of which does not yet appear. 



The Melanesian forms are all in accord, even including Duke of York 

 winangan, for in this island we find s-w mutation although no other example 

 thereof is included in these data ; and the Sesake vinaga is transitional. 



EFATE-POLYXESIAN-MALAY-SEMITIC. 

 170. 



afis i, afit i, afin i, afan i, afen i, to put or carry under the arm or arms 

 held between the arm and the side, to cover with the wings as 

 a bird its young, clasping them between the wing and the side ; 

 afini na, the armpit; afili na, the armpit, the groin. 



Samoa: afisi, to carry under the arm, to carry a child astride the 

 hip, afisinga, a load carried under the arm. Tonga: efi, to 

 carry under the arm. Futuna: efi, to carry under the arm, 

 the under side of a fin. Mangareva: ahi, when used after 

 a word signifying a load or a bundle it means a load carried 

 on the chest or in the arms. Maori : awhi, to embrace ; awhe, 

 to measure a tree by embracing it. Tahiti: ee, armpit. 



Malay: kapet, manga pet, to carry under the arm. 



Arabic: "abana, to put under the armpit; ma" bin , groin, armpit. 



The Proto-Samoan stem is afis. 



This appears only in Samoa and in Efate, where variants are found in 

 /, n and /. The efi of Tonga and Futuna marks the transition in respect 

 of the former vowel, and Maori awhe the transition form for the latter; 

 together they substantiate Tahiti ee, the / normally vanishing in that 

 language. 



171. 



bangobango, to be crooked. 



Samoa : pi'opi'o, crooked, wrong. Futuna, Tongarewa, Marquesas, 

 Mangareva, Paumotu: piko, bent, crooked, awry, twisted. 

 Nukuoro : piko piko, crooked. Niue : piko, to think erroneously ; 

 piko piko, to speak falsely. Uvea: piko, pipiko, crooked, slug- 

 gish. Maori: piko, to bend, to stoop, to be curved. Rapanui: 

 hakapiko, pliant, to bend, to make crooked. Tonga: biko, 

 crooked. Tahiti: pio, bent, crooked, wrong. Hawaii: pio, 

 bent, crooked. 



Malay: bengkok, crooked. Malagasy : vitkuka, id. Java: bengkong, id. 

 Saru: pekok, id. 



Hebrew: hafak, to turn. Syriac: hpak, id. Arabic: 'apaka, id. 

 Hebrew: hapakpak, crooked, twisted. 



