DATA AND NOTES. 245 



176. 



butu, futu, butafuta, futfut, to spring up or out, as water from a spring or 

 smoke from a fire; butu-raki, buti-raki, to appear, to come in 

 sight. 



Maori : puta, to gush out, to spurt, to come in sight, to pass through, 

 to pass in or out. Hawaii: puka, to enter in or pass out; 

 hoopuka, to appear in sight when at a distance. Marquesas: 

 puta, to arrive. Mangareva: puta, to go out from. 



Malay : tarbit, to issue, to come out, to emanate, to appear. 



Arabic: nabata, to spring up or out as water, to appear, to go or 

 come forth, to come in sight. 



If it were not that the Maori and Hawaiian comprehend the two senses 

 in one word I should scarcely consider buta and buturaki associable. The 

 latter, despite our author's division of the word by the hyphen, seems to 

 be butur-aki, btdir-aki, in which the hi which he describes as transitive par- 

 ticle seems better comprehended as aki which is verb-formative all through 

 Polynesia. In this case the stem is closed with a liquid. The absence of 

 this closing radical and the difference of vowel in buta argue against its 

 association with the butur stem. The Polynesian forms preserve the a and 

 therefore have a formal identification with buta, but in the sense there is a 

 mixture with significations of butur. It will be observed that this is one of 

 the infrequent identifications with the Tongafiti swarm having no trace in 

 Nuclear Polynesia ; therefore it should not be accepted without a clearing 

 up of these difficulties far beyond our present power. 



The buturaki, butiraki, sense is found in Nuclear Polynesia in Samoa fotu, 

 Tonga fotu, fotui, fotuaki, Futuna fotu, Viti votu, all of identical meaning. 

 Yet there is nowhere any trace of the radical final consonant. The Tonga 

 fotuaki would appear to negative the possibility that modern fotu stems in 

 fotur, but this is more apparent than real, for Tonga seems not to have 

 adopted these inflected forms until the final consonants of closed roots had 

 vanished. In Samoa, where closed roots are normally preserved in com- 

 posite (inflectional) forms, we have no record of any form which might give 

 evidence upon this point. Accordingly this is not offered as an identifica- 

 tion, but to record a resemblance sufficient to suggest identity. It is to 

 note that Samoan fotu could not undergo any known variation and become 

 Maori puta. 



177. 

 ngal i, kal i, al i, to stir water around. 



Samoa, Tonga, Futuna: ngalu, a wave, a breaker. Fotuna, 



Maori, Rarotonga: ngaru, id. Mangareva: ngaru, scum, 



froth. Paumotu: puhingaru, a bubble of water. Hawaii: 

 nalu, a wave. Tahiti: aru, id. Marquesas, kau, nail tai, id. 

 Malay: alun, a wave. Malagasy: aluna, id. 

 Hebrew: galal, to roll; gal, fountain, well, waves. Syriac: galo', 

 a wave. 



In addition to the identification with ngalu Dr. Macdonald, led by abraded 

 forms of his ngal, adds the Hawaiian ale to well up, which is negligible. 

 Both he and Tregear link with ngalu a wave ngalue to shake. In this case 



