DATA AND NOTES. 213 



to assume that infixation is a formative principle so remote from Indonesia. 

 I note one more statement by Codrington: "the syllables are mostly open; 

 indeed, though it is common to close a syllable, it is hardly looked upon as 

 correct." If this has any bearing on the problem it may serve to indicate 

 a probability that vagal is loan material. 



123. 



lalo na, lalu na, the belly, the front, the under side (as of cloth). 



Samoa, Tonga, Futuna, Niue, Uvea, Hawaii: lalo, below, beneath, 

 under, down. Nuguria: hakalalo, south. Maori, Tahiti, 

 Rarotonga, Tongarewa, Bukabuka, Mangareva, Paumotu, Sika- 

 yana, Aniwa, Fotuna, Nukuoro: raro, id. Rapanui: raro, 

 under, leeward. Aniwa: iraro,iroro, under, below. Nukuoro: 

 kiraro, below ; kailalopoli, mean, stingy. Marquesas : ao, below, 

 beneath, under, down. Moiki: ngango, id. 



Viti: ira, kira, maira (ra), below. 



Mota: lalangai, the under side; alalange, ilalange, talalange, under. 

 Motlav, Volow, Pak, Mosin, Alo Teqel: Mange, id. Lakon: 

 lalnga, id. Vuras: alalnge, id. Retan, Sasar: lalange, id. 



Leon: lalanga, id. Merlav, Gog: lang, id. Vaturanga: ilao, id. 



While I have followed our author's suggestion of identification and have 

 carried it out to the limit of my material I remain quite unconvinced that 

 there is anything valid in the Efate identification. To begin with, the Poly- 

 nesian material all means below, the Fijian below, the Melanesian under, 

 except that in Mota appears also the signification of the under side which 

 Dr. Macdonald ascribes to his Efate. Next, so far as concerns lalo the 

 belly we shall have no hesitation in bringing it into association with Samoa 

 alo belly in the courtesy speech, for not only have we elaborated the prob- 

 abilities of frontal abrasion, but in Efate we have also alo (48) belly as a 

 variant of lalo. 



Assuming that Efate has a lalo which has so much of the "below" sense 

 as is suggested by "the under side (as of cloth)" we now proceed to the 

 examination of its identification. 



The identification in that sense is satisfactory so far as relates to the 

 Polynesian. In Melanesia it will be found in Vaturanga lao, for an inner 

 / is frequently dropped in that speech in words where Nggela retains it, a 

 statement by Dr. Codrington which may lead to the assumption of Nggela 

 lalo, although my material is empty at that point. 



The Viti forms are all compounds on the base ra. This at best is but 

 a half of lalo, and we do not claim the identification as more than a sug- 

 gestion. The Viti form is not identified in Melanesia either. 



The remaining Melanesian forms are all from the Banks Group and are 

 clearly variants of one stock. The fullest forms are Mota lalangai, lalange; 

 Leon lalanga; Retan, Sasar lalange. The second group is characterized by 

 obliteration of the second vowel — Lakon lalnga; Motlav, Pak, Volow, Mosin, 

 Alo Teqel lalnge; Vuras alalnge of the latter type. If we regard Merlav, 

 Gog lang as a decrepit form of this stock we leave this collection a com- 

 pact group identifiable with nothing in sight. It resembles lalo only in the 

 possession of two l's and the a, it nowhere suggests the on which Poly- 



