DATA AND NOTES. 251 



quite simply, on, uen for the simple stem; oraone, arain, aran, oran for 

 the composite. The stem is one and the Viti, Polynesian, and much of 

 the Melanesian identification is exact. 



The form oraone shows that one is compounded with an element ora, and 

 this may be the same as ara. In these compounds the one member through 

 in is degraded into a mere n. This ora or ara may have somewhat to do 

 with the per of Santo Wulua perono. When unsupported one loses its final 

 vowel in on, and in uen seems to undergo such vowel shift as is found in 

 arain. 



In Melanesia, so far as is not included in the general identification, we find 

 the loss of the final vowel in le-on, and probably in Malekula dambana-un 

 we have the same loss together with vowel shift. The form ono is found 

 in composites in Baki and Bierian and in Santo Wulua. 



Having thus removed the ara from the Efate words there is left to the 

 Arabic identification not even a resemblance. 



188. 

 aso, to burn, to be scorched. 



Samoa: 'a'asa, glowing hot. Tonga, Uvea: kakaha, hot, fiery, 

 painful. Futuna: kaka, fiery, reddened by fire. Niue: 

 kaka, hot, red-hot. 

 Viti : nggesa, burnt or scorched in cooking. 

 Aneityum: acas, cas, to burn, hot, burning; ecescas, burnt. 

 Arabic: wakada, to burn, to be kindled. Hebrew: yakad, id. 

 Syriac: ikad, id. 

 The Proto-Samoan stem is kas. 



The vanishing of radical k in Efate finds support in mataku (258) to fear 

 Efat£ mitaku, where also we have mitan. This granted we have an excellent 

 identification in sense and form from Melanesia through Viti to Nuclear 

 Polynesia. The Niue and Futuna kaka are the reduplication of the root 

 after abrasion of its final consonant. One of the Aneityum forms points 

 the way very neatly to the Viti vowel change. 



189. 

 bwalo, to be empty, vain, null and void, to no purpose or effect. 



Samoa: vale, inactive, needless, worthless. Tonga: vale, in vain, 

 in ukiuki-vale, to inquire in vain. Hawaii: wale, gratuitously, 

 idly, without reward. 

 Viti: wale, uselessly, idly, only, for nothing, gratis. 

 Mota: tuwale, only. 



Arabic: batala, but/, bot/, to no end, in vain, for nothing, idle. 

 Hebrew: batal, to be empty, vacant, idle. Ethiopic: .batala, 

 to be empty, vain. 



190. 

 bebe, a butterfly. 



Samoa: pepe, a butterfly, a moth, to flutter about. Nukuoro, 

 Futuna, Niue, Uvea, Fotuna, Nuguria, Tahiti, Marquesas : pepe, 

 a butterfly. Maori : pepe, a grub, a moth ; pepepepe, a butterfly ; 

 pepeatua, a species of butterfly. Tonga : bebe, a butterfly. 

 Viti: mbembe, a butterfly. Rotuma: pep, id. 



