DATA AND NOTES. 233 



In four languages, one of Melanesia and three of Polynesia, we find a 

 different yet appreciably similar word for the expression of this latter sense 

 in differentiation from the former. These are: 



Uvea: leo, voice, sound; lea, to say, to speak to. 

 Niue: leo, voice; lea, speech. 

 Tonga: le'o, voice; lea, speech, language. 

 Mota: leo, voice; lea, speech. 



We are, therefore, abundantly warranted in predicating two parallel 

 stems of which lea, by sense similarity and by reason of carrying its form 

 and sense distinction nowhere else than in an unaccented final vowel, 

 always a weak spot, has become assimilated to leo, this being particularly 

 true in the regions covered by the Tongafiti swarm. Efate we find in 

 possession of leo voice; it has not now lea speech; we are not justified in 

 the statement that it never had the latter, for the form le might survive 

 just as well from lea as from leo. 



154- 

 lingi-si, malingi, malingsi, to pour out, to spill. 



Samoa, Tonga: lingi, to pour. Niue: lingi, to pour in or out. 

 Uvea: lilingi, to sprinkle. Futuna, Nuguria : lilingi, to pour 

 out. Maori iringi, id. Raro tonga : riringi, to pour. Paumotu: 

 riringi, to pour from one vessel into another. Tahiti: ninii, 

 to pour out. Hawaii: nini, to spill, to pour out. Rapanui: 

 nininini, to pour, to shed ; hakanininini, to water. Marquesas : 

 iki, to pour out; iniu, teat. 



Samoa, Tonga: malingi, spilled. Rarotonga: maringi, to spill. 

 Paumotu: maringi, to suppurate. Mangareva: meringi, to 

 trickle, to flow. Hawaii: manini, to spill or spatter out. 

 Tahiti : manii, to overflow, to be spilling. 



Viti: livi, to pour gently or in a small stream. 



New Britain: ligire, to pour out. Motlav, Volow, Merlav, Gog: 

 ling, id. Mosin: lenglengir, fluid. Mota: ligligira, ligiu, id. 

 Aneityum: aijangjing, to pour out. 



Arabic : raka, to pour out. 



The Proto-Samoan stem is lingis. 



Efate has the simple stem and at least the form of the conditional deriv- 

 ative in ma. These two there will be no difficulty in tracing through the 

 Polynesian. 



I have given room to Viti livi because of sense identity. Superficially 

 it is in form a three-quarters identification. In all my close study of the 

 Polynesian content of Viti this is the only case in which the leaping muta- 

 tion ng-v at all suggests itself, and there is not a single confirmatory instance 

 in this study of the broader field of Melanesia. 



In the unlocalized New Britain instance collected by Tregear we are 

 uncertain whether this g is really g or represents ng, a common device in the 

 writing of South Sea languages. However this may be, in Mota there can 

 be no doubt that g is g and represents a not infrequent ng-g mutation. In 

 the other New Hebridean languages where the word occurs it has undergone 



