274 THE POLYNESIAN WANDERINGS. 



of Sanguir yaman. The still more dilapidated forms of ma, mama, and 

 mam also appear. 



From the Micronesian Pacific we record Gilbert Islands tdma father, and 

 in passing note that this archipelago has borrowed much from Samoa and 

 in somewhat recent times ; and Ponape jam father. 



EFATE-VITI-POLYx\ESIAN-MALAY-SEMITIC. 



218. 



bwaka, a fence of stone or wood made for protection or fortification in war. 



Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Tahiti, Marquesas, Moriori: pa, a wall, fence, 

 hedge. Maori: pa, a barricade, an obstruction, a fort, a 

 stockade. Paumotu: pa, a rampart, bulwark. Rapanui: 

 pa, a wall, to inclose. Hawaii, Mangareva: pa, a wall and its 

 inclosure. Rarotonga: pa, an inclosure. Fotuna: pa, 



kaupa, a fence. Samoa : 'aupa, a wall, fence, hedge, bulwark. 



Viti: mba, a fish fence ; mbai, a fence around a garden or a town, but 

 not around a house. 



Malo: baba, a fence. Tanna: kaupa, id. Eromanga: nim-pa-t, id. 

 Mabuiag: pa (plural pal), a fence for a garden, a stockade. 



Malay: pagar, a fence, a railing; palang, a bar, a piece of wood laid 

 crosswise in obstruction. Malagasy: bako, a pinfold; bamba, 

 a wall or fence in fortification. 



Hebrew : ma'akeh, a parapet (surrounding a fiat roof) to hinder one 

 from falling off ; 'akah, to hold back, to hinder, to impede. 



Our Polynesian, Viti, and Melanesian identifications deal only with a 

 simple pa stem which exhibits but the slight normal ^-variations. Efate 

 bwaka involves a new element which we are unable to identify, and the 

 same is true of the Indonesian. 



219. 



bakauti, buti, to make an end, to finish. 



Niue : oti, all, entirely ; jakaoti, together, to destroy utterly, to make 

 a clean sweep. Maori: oti, finished, ended. Tahiti: oti, to 

 be done, finished. Mangareva: oti, the end, finished, all over. 

 Rarotonga: oti, finished. Paumotu: jakaoti, to finish, to con- 

 clude. Nukuoro: hakaoti, to end, to finish. Moriori: hokoti, 

 to cause to cease. Nuguria: huoti, to finish. Sikayana: 

 oti, all, to finish. Samoa: talafa'aoti, to tell all. Tonga: 

 oji, to be finished, to be done, all gone. Fotuna : oji, all, the 

 whole. Uvea: fakaosi, to finish. 



Viti: otia, vakaotia, to finish, to bring to an end, to complete, to 

 perfect; oti, finished, done, destroyed, utterly ruined. 



Aiieityum: oti, gone, done, finished. 



Malagasy: cf. oty, picked off, gathered (of fruits), weaned. 



Hebrew : kaseh, an end ; kasah, to finish. 



In Efate buti I find an instance of the most degraded faka-fa stem, 

 b-uti, paralleled by the similar v — shown in 214. 



The identifications here offered are so patent that they need not detain us. 



