278 THE POLYNESIAN WANDERINGS. 



The Proto-Samoan stem is manifestly kamut, yet the material is so scanty 

 in Nuclear Polynesia that we can establish it only from Viti, and possibly 

 from Hawaii amuku to cut short, which, however, Andrews associates with 

 muku to cut, without pointing out or explaining the difficulties which such 

 derivation entails. 



225. 

 kar i, ngar i, karu-ti, ngaru-ti, to scratch; karo i, ngaro i, to scratch, to 

 scrape, to shave, to seize; tangaru, to seize, to grasp. 

 vSamoa : 'Hi, a rasp, a file, a saw. Tonga : kili, a saw ; kilijakamata, a 

 file ; kiliji, to saw. Futuna : kiliti, to file ; kili, a rasp, a file. 

 Uvea: kili, id; kilisi, to file. Niue: kili, a file, a saw. 

 Viti: kari, to scrape. 



Melanesian : all meaning to scratch or scrape — Galavi : giri, lagiri. 

 Nada: qiri. Raqa: kairi. Wedau: giai. Mukawa: giagiai. 

 Kiriwina : kuriqari. Panaieti : ktirikuri. Kubiri, Kiviri : gagara. 

 Oiun: kakakara. Motu: hekagalo. Taupota: karakaroi. 

 Wedau: kakaroi. Boniki: kelologi. Mota, Nggela: karu. 

 Bugotu: g'ag'aru. Wango: karohi. Malo: garasi. 

 Malay: garis, to scratch, to score; garut, to scratch, to scrape, to 



claw; garok, to scrape. Java: garit, to scratch, to score. 

 Arabic: garra, to drag, to snatch, to sweep, to seize. Hebrew: 

 garar, to scrape, to sweep; gara', to scratch, to scrape. 

 Dr. Macdonald has amassed a number of similar forms, there are many 

 more than these in his dictionary, and we shall have to disentangle them. 

 The Proto-Samoan stem is kilit, and by a normal Polynesian mutation 

 this becomes kilis in Uvea. This permits us to identify karuti and ngaruti. 

 Thence we may pass to karo and ngaro, kar and ngar, so long as they carry 

 the meaning to scratch, to scrape. Here we find the Viti kari to fit into 

 the scheme ; its form shows that it was not derived from the neighboring 

 Polynesian kili, but came from the stem by way of Efate. The Indonesian 

 forms are in closer accord with Efatd and Viti than with the Nuclear Poly- 

 nesia and give the impression of an earlier type. 



It will be observed in the Efate that while the scratch sense runs through 

 all the forms the grasp sense is absent from those which exhibit the 

 radical t. We may, therefore, judge that there are two stems interlaced, 

 karut-karo-kar to scratch, and karo-kar to grasp, and that the reduction 

 forms of karut have become involved with the karo-kar forms of the other 

 stem. This will remove the Arabic identification entirely from considera- 

 tion and will leave to the Hebrew but a partial resemblance. 



226. 

 kau, a collection, bunch, herd. 



Tonga : kau, plural sign. Futuna : kau, a multitude, a troop. Niue : 

 kau, a troop, a company. Uvea: kau, a company, herd. 

 Mangareva: kou, a multitude (kouika, a shoal of fish). Samoa : 

 'an, a troop, a gang, a bunch, a cluster. Tahiti, Hawaii : au, 

 collective plural. 

 Viti : kau, a bunch. 

 Malay : kawan, a herd, a troop. 

 Arabic: gam', gama'a, a collection. 



