DATA AND NOTES. 295 



I suggest an identification in Viti ndike to look at, to scrutinize. This 

 is permissible if we regard this as metathetic and in the 3214 type, a rarity 

 in metathesis, yet exactly paralleled in the same language in uila-liva. 



If it were not for its occurrence in Efate and in Motu I should class this 

 word as of the Tongafiti migration, for in very few instances do we find a 

 stem so well nigh universal in Polynesia which has left vestiges so rare and 

 so widely scattered in Melanesia. It seems quite as rare in Indonesia. 



The Semitic involves Dr. Macdonald's favorite principle of whittling 

 down a triliteral (wgd) in any way which will fit it to his proof, in this 

 instance by excision of the first syllable. 



250. 

 kufangufa, to fly, to flap the wings, to flutter. 



Tonga: kapakau, wing; kapakapa, the side fins of sharks, to flicker, 

 to flutter, to hover on the wing. Futuna: kapakau, wing; 

 kapakapatau, the movement of birds about to perch. Niue : 

 tapakau, wing, fin ; kapakapa, to flap, to flutter. Uvea : kapa- 

 kau, wing. Maori, Mangaia: kakapa, kapakapa, to flap, to 

 flutter. Samoa: 'apa'au, wing; 'apa'apa, fin; 'apata, to clap 

 the wings. Nuguria: kapaukau, upper arm. Tahiti: apaapa, 

 to flap. Fotuna, pahkau, wing. Rotuma: papau, id. 

 Ulawa, Saa, Bululaha, Ugi : apaapa, wing. Wango, Alite : abaaba, id. 

 Mota : gava, to fly with flapping wings. Fagani : kakafo, wing, 

 Marina: gave, id. Arag: gapaun, id. Pak, Sasar, Alo 

 Teqel: gapugi, id. Savo: gavara, id. 

 Magindano: kapakapa, a fan. Malagasy: kepakcpaka, flounced in 

 the wind. Malay: kapak, to fly with flapping wings; kepak, 

 wing. Kawi: paksa, bird. Basakrama: paksi, id. Magin- 

 dano: papak, a wing. Baliyon: papak, a bird. Tagalog, 

 Bicol: pacpac, wing. 

 Arabic: h'afaka, to fly, to flap the wings. 

 In Polynesia gliding flight is expressed by lele, flight on flapping wing 

 by kapa. In Nuclear Polynesia kapa does not pass into the wing sense 

 except through the aid of a composition member kau. In Samoan 'au we 

 find this to mean a stalk, a handle; in reference to the body its sense as 

 that of some projecting member is exhibited in 'aualuma (the 'au in front) 

 as a very delicate euphemism for the penis. So 'apa'au would mean liter- 

 ally the projecting member that flaps. We encounter kapakau in Tonga, 

 Futuna, Uvea, and in Samoan 'apa'au. In Niue we find a change that can 

 only mean failure to comprehend and to preserve the primal signification 

 of the composite, for, while kapakapa is to flutter, tapakau shows a modi- 

 fication that has no reason either in sense or in phonology. I am no little 

 doubtful as to Rotuma papau. But as that interesting language has many 

 irregularities which as yet quite elude systematic reduction I deem it 

 advisable to class papau with kapakau; it does seem an echo form. 



Fotuna pahkau shows a frontal abrasion of kapakau. This is character- 

 istic of the Tongafiti word for wing. 



Maori: pakau, wing. Moriori: pakau, arm. Tahiti: peheu, fin. 

 Marquesas: peeheu, pekeheu, wing. Mangareva: pehau, wing. 

 Hawaii: peheu, wing, fin. 



