298 THE POLYNESIAN wanderings. 



parative dictionary without opportunity to check his record by consul- 

 tation of his original source; in Bishop Jaussen's dictionary the word finds 

 no entry. 



In Macassar the word passes to yet another part. 



The only resemblance which the Arabic bears to laso is that its forms 

 also contain a modification of the radical s as the second consonant, no 

 sufficient proof of identity. 



253- 

 ma, me, with, and. 



Samoa: ma, with, and. Tonga, Rotuma : ma, and. Futuna: mo, 



with. Niue: ma, and; mo, and, with. Uvea: mo, with. 



Tahiti: ma, and, with. Hawaii: me, with; a me, and. Rapa- 



nui, Marquesas : ma, and (in a particular numeral use) ; me, with. 



Mangareva : me, with, and . Paumotu : ma, together with ; me, 



with. Rarotonga: ma, and. Maori: ma, and; me, with, and. 



Nuguria, Aniwa: ma, and. Fotuna: ma, for, with, along with. 

 Mota: ma, me, with, and. Santo: we, with: wo, and. Pala: ma, 



and, with. 

 Malagasy: amana, with. 

 Hebrew: 'im, with, and. Arabic: ma', id. 



I can not do better in comment upon this item than to repeat the ana- 

 lytic conclusions which I reached in an earlier study of root reducibility 

 (27 American Journal of Philology, 389) : 



Let us now look at the root ma. In its paradeictic function we find it serving as a 

 connective; it is the spoke that joins tire and hub into the effective unit of the wheel. 

 It is the conjunction "and," yet its development is in a dual sense incomplete; it is 

 available to connect words of the same grammatical function; it has not yet become 

 sufficiently conjunctive to link clause with clause. At the same time another function, 

 that which we know and employ as prepositional, exhibits in the sense of "with," "for" 

 (for the sake of), thence differentiating to "from" and "on account of"; these different 

 uses we in analytic speech find it necessary to distinguish by varying words; to the 

 Samoan it is sufficiently clear to use ma and trust to inference from existing conditions 

 to elucidate the character of the relation the existence of which is thereby indicated. 

 Stated in terms coordinate with those employed in the preceding particulars of this 

 series of roots, we may say of ma that it points to the non-ego and not-here and links it 

 to the central concept of that which is active and present. 



In the elaboration of my theory of explanation in the paper from which 

 the foregoing is extracted I dissected the central signification of the a and 

 sketched out the coefficient value of the several consonantal modulants 

 which might be prefixed thereto. In dealing according to that theory with 

 the other forms associated in this item, me and mo, we should hold the 

 consonantal value as carrying the linking, conjunctive, associating sense; the 

 shade of variety in meaning would be found to exist as the nucleus of the 

 e and of the respectively. 



254- 

 manifenife, to be thin. 



Samoa, Nukuoro: manifinifi, thin. Tonga, Futuna : manifi,manifi- 



nifi, id. Uvea: manifi, id. Fotuna: mafinfini, id. 

 Omba : m anivinivi, thin . Mota : mavinvin, id . Baki : m enivinivi, id . 

 Malekula :mcn iven iv, id. Malo: tanivinivi, id. Roro: nivinivi, 



