DATA AND NOTES. 327 



sanga . Yet as this distinction of special use by quantity is not carried along 

 even into Nuclear Polynesia we may be justified in considering this an error 

 on the part of Pratt, the more since Pere Violette marks diacritically no 

 such distinction. 



The fact that the valu stem carries the specific action of the rasp (a sprig 

 of coral being the common implement) through Futuna as far as Hawaii 

 removes any obstacle which might exist as to the affiliation of Efate faro- 

 faro and Viti varo with valu. It is interesting to find in Viti three phases 

 of the same stem. The varying treatment of the radical I suggests that 

 Viti borrowed and twice repeated the borrowing from different sources. 

 The varota points to a loan when the stem held its r, and Efate farofaro 

 hints at the loan coming along the migration track which I have segregated 

 as the Viti stream, but in this the closing radical s had vanished. The 

 wandrutha points to a loan from a source which had rgrasseye and the closed 

 stem, in local terms to Samoa. Then walunga indicates a source wherein 

 the stem was open and the r had passed definitely into /. In our knowl- 

 edge of the Polynesian waves over Viti this corresponds to theTongan. 



The Semitic is triliteral frk. There is a sense resemblance, but stated 

 as a triliteron the Polynesian is vrs, the difference in the third element 

 being considerable. 



282. 

 bau, bao, fau, fao, new. 



Tonga: foou, foofoou, fofoou, new. Futuna: fo'ou, new, recent. 

 Uvea: foou, id. Samoa: fou, new, recent; fa'afou, to make 

 new. Niue: fou, new, young, recent. Aniwa, Vate: fou, 

 new. Fotuna: fau, id. Maori, Nuguria, Hawaii: hou, new, 

 fresh, recent. Mangareva, Tahiti, Nukuoro: hou, new. Mar- 

 quesas: hou, new, recent. Rapanui, Paumotu: hou, young, 

 new. Rarotonga: ou, id. 

 Viti: vou, new; vovou, young. Rotuma: fo'ou, new. 

 Eromanga: ite-vou,new. Malo: baro, id. Malekula: meaner, id. 

 Motu: matamata, id. Baki: bou, id. Bierian: feu, id. 



Aneityum: mat, new, raw. Taupota, Wedau, Galavi: vou, 

 new. Kubiri, Raqa: baubau, id. Kiviri, Oiun: bobu, id. 

 Malagasy: vau (havauzana), new. Malay: baham, id. Kisa: 



wohruwohru, id. 

 Arabic: mahdut' (Jiadat'a), new. Hebrew: hadas', id. Syriac: 

 hdat', id. Ethiopic: hadas, to renew. 

 No explanation is offered in the Efate dictionary as to the use of the 

 diaeresis on the former vowel. Yet we may be justified in assuming that 

 it is clumsily an indication of long quality, for in Tonga, Futuna, Uvea, and 

 Rotuma the doubled is used for the same purpose. 



This stem is soundly identified throughout Polynesia, in Efate, in Ero- 

 manga, in both the Baki and Bierian of Epi, in Malagasy, and less clearly 

 in Malay. Tregear's inclusion of the Kisa -wohruwohru seems somewhat to 

 reflect Malo baro; but in the great facility with which our Sawaiori retain 

 l-r we are not warranted in admitting this to the company of fou. The 

 Malekula mermer may be a variant of baro, yet that is hardly likely, since 

 in note 207 we have seen that p-m is only a rare possibility. 



