334 THE POLYNESIAN WANDERINGS. 



to break the head; fo then is a hole not self-existent, but the result of acci- 

 dent or design ; fo-not is hole-closing when the hole has been made where 

 it does not belong, therefore fono is to patch. The root mo we find in moa 

 and more specifically in moalili, the soft flesh in the round hole which 

 appears when the operculum is prized out of the shell of Turbo petholatus, 

 momo'ulu clitoris (cf. Maori horn a loop, bight, or fold) ; mo-not is the closing 

 of a round hole, putting a plug into the open eye of a coconut as the com- 

 mon water-container. 



Malay bum, in form close to the Polynesian punt, has a sense, a particular 

 result of closing upon the object included, which reappears not in Proto- 

 Samoan but in the Tongafiti migration in Tahiti, the Marquesas, Mangaia, 

 Mangareva, the Paumotu. 



If we confine ourselves to the Proto-Samoan stem punit, pnt is in no 

 agreement with Semitic bhm, far less is the not root which has just been 

 evolved from these several forms. 



287. 

 borau, to ride, to be carried (on a canoe, ship, horse, vehicle or other thing), 

 to voyage. 

 Samoa: folau, a voyage, a ship, to go a voyage, to die. Tonga: 

 folau, a voyage, a fleet, a voyager, to sail. Futuna: folau, 

 a navigator, to navigate, to go a voyage. Niue: folau, to 

 commit suicide by jumping into the sea. Uvea: folau, to 

 navigate. Fotuna: ko-forau, to go a voyage. Moriori: 

 wharau, a ship. Rapanui: horau, to hasten, to run to. 

 Viti : vondo, to embark, to go on board, to ride. 

 Matupit: parau, a ship. Ambrym: bulbul, a boat. Malekula: 

 foro, to navigate. Mota: walawalau, to paddle all together; 

 walaua, to collect things for a voyage. 

 Tagalog, Visayas: parau, a boat. Malay: prahu, prau, id. 

 Arabic: markab', a ship, a vessel. Ethiopic: markab, id. 

 The sequence of the Efate definition is, of course, inverted, the voyaging 

 sense being primal, and the extension of the definition as "to be carried 

 . . . on a horse, a vehicle" can have had significance only since the imme- 

 diately modern introduction by Europeans of horses and their concomitants. 

 A strange admixture is twice found in Nuclear Polynesia. The word in 

 vSamoan which means to sail means also to die. In Niue the only signification 

 of folau is to commit suicide by jumping into the sea. The vocable is of the 

 most obscure ; probably a distinct word in all but form is involved, for we 

 can not imagine any seafaring race so pessimistic as to see death the goal 

 of their voyaging and thus to develop such a secondary significance. 



In Melanesia we find two distinct epochs of the stem. The earlier and 

 more worn phase is shown in Malekula foro. This forms an easy transition 

 to Viti vondo so far as the vowel element is concerned, and the l-nd muta- 

 tion is not without warrant in our table of consonant mutation. Anei- 

 tyum bulbul is a form which to abrasion adds vowel degeneration. The 

 Mota walau is nearer to the folau stem in form, its two senses are easily 

 recognizable particulars of the general meaning, and, so far as the general 

 theory of duplication may be considered to hold in Mota, the duplicated 

 walawalau shows the division of the stem elements as fola-u. Matupit 



