DATA AND NOTES. 419 



(a) in the sense of sea : 



Marina, Tanna, Sesake : tasi. Lambell, King : tasi. Buka: tassi, 

 dassi, tisi, itis. Santo: tost. Epi: tzi, tsi. Pala: tes. 

 Kalil: taas. Moanus: ndras. Laur: lontas. Belega: tathi. 

 Arag, Nggela : tahi. Makura : na-tah. Matupit : ta. Ambrym : 

 tei, tie. Epi (Southeast) : si. Wango : asi. Malekula : 

 nitis. Malo, Mota : tas. Baki : tei. Bierian : sahi. Ero- 

 manga Ura: de. 



Kawi, Bugi, Java : tasik. Malay: tasek. Gah: tasok. Ceram, 

 Ahtiago : tasin. Tobo, Ahtiago, Ceram, Guaham : tasi. Togean 

 Islands: tasie. Chamorri: tahsi. Satawal: tali. Matabello: 

 tahi. Sunda: chai. Macassar: djai. 



Arabic: ta's', the sea. 



(b) in the sense of salt, salt water : 



Sesake, Marina, Vaturanga: tasi. Arag, Omba, Nggela, Bugotu, 

 Nggao: tahi. Maewo: tas. Ulawa, Wango, Fagani, Saa, 

 Alite: asi. Bululaha: moi asi. Motu: tadi. Duke of 

 York: tai. New Britain: ta. 

 Amboyna: tasi. Awaiya, Caimarian: tasie. Buru: sasi. Tidore, 

 Gani, Galela: gasi. Sanguir: asing. 



The Proto-Samoan stem is tahi. The form with aspirate is selected as 

 primal for the reason that a Proto-Samoan tasi would have remained tasi 

 in modern Samoan and would have become tahi in most of Polynesia. 



It is only in Tonga tahi sea, taitai brackish, that we recognize any form 

 distinction of the two significations. While, therefore, they have been 

 segregated in the data collated we shall consider the form variants together. 



In addition to the sense of sea and salt water, hardly to be dissociated, 

 we find in Polynesia the following added significations : 



Tide: Samoa, Niue. 



Shore: Niue, Futuna, Tahiti, Marquesas, Mangareva, Mangaia. This 

 is a development out of the system of direction nomenclature, for as ki iita 

 means landward, so ki tai, seaward, is limited by the shore as the end of 

 pedestrian locomotion. 



South: Nukuoro. This has for us a peculiar interest. Nukuoro is but 

 a tiny speck of an island ; 360 degrees of its horizon show nothing but the 

 upward saucering of unbroken sea. It was over the southern sea of 3,000 

 miles that the people came voyaging from Samoa. It must have been a 

 bitter drift of castaways coming famished to land when generation after 

 generation has preserved the word for sea, the terrible sea over which they 

 struggled, in the sense of south. Other seas there about them, to north, 

 to east, to west ; but a race impressed by the agony of its castaway forebears 

 still recalls the one sea, the south. 



The forms tasi, tahi, tathi are very clearly identifiable in Melanesia and 

 Indonesia. Epi tzi, tsi, are, of course, tasi with loss of the former vowel. 

 The tas by abrasion is found in Malo, Mota, and Maewo ; and Us in Buka 

 itis, Malekula ni-tis. Next we find tah in Makura na-tah, and a still further 

 progress in New Britain and Matupit ta, followed by Ambrym tei, tie, Baki 

 tei, Eromanga Ura de. Laur lontas, is a composite, Kalil taas is recogniz- 



